“逸”与“易”:唐彪《读书作文谱》对欧文的评价及其古文观念

Tang Biao’s Comments on Ouyang Xiu’ s Prose and HisConcepts of Ancient Prose

清初塾师唐彪作《读书作文谱》,是研究清人教学法的重要文本。其对欧阳修文章的评价可归纳为“遒逸”与“易学”两个特点。通过分析唐彪评语的褒贬态度、引文选择,并将其与朱熹、程端礼等理学家的文章观进行对比,可知其思想资源的多元性与古文观念的含混性。唐彪对欧文“遒逸”的推崇,主要受到茅坤以欧文直承《史记》的文统观的影响。“易学”评语在一定程度上带有朱熹等理学家文章观影响下的贬抑色彩,但更多强调的是“易于入手”的实用价值,而这种对实用性的强调与唐彪的塾师身份密切相关。唐彪《读书作文谱》对欧文的复杂态度可作为一个案例,帮助我们理解在清初的教育实践中,各种古文观念的思想资源是如何落实到现实的写作学习中的。

Tang Biao,a private teacher in early Qing dynasty,wrote Dushuzuowenpu,which is an important text for understanding the teaching method in the Qing dynasty.His comments on Ouyang Xiu’s prose can be characterized by“Qiu Yi”and“Yi Xue”.By analyzing the attitude and the selection of quotations in Tang Biao’s criticism,and comparing it with the viewpoints of Neo-Confucianists such as Zhu Xi and Cheng Duanli,we can see the pluralism of his ideological resources and the vagueness of his ideas regarding ancient prose.Tang Biao’s respect for Ouyang’s“Qiu Yi”is mainly influenced by Mao Kun,who maintains that Ouyang’s prose inherits Shi Ji.Although his comments on“Yi Xue”are to some extent depreciated under the influence of Zhu Xi and other Neo-Confucianists’literary ideas,Tang Biao emphasizes more on the practical value“Yi Xue”.His emphasis on practicability is also closely related to teacher identity.Tang Biao’s complex attitudes to Ouyang Xiu’s prose in Dushuzuowenpu can be a case to help us understand how these diversified concepts of ancient prose were implemented into writing education practice in early Qing dynasty.