《国语旧音》成书年代及价值考略

The Textual Research on the Writing Date and Value of Guo Yu Jiu Yin

佚名所撰《国语旧音》是目前所见最早的《国语》韦昭注本音义。宋庠认为该书撰于唐代,后世多从此说。该书多声母混切,颇异中古音系,音切中轻唇已现,帮、端未分,庄、章多混,合守温字母之貌。该书条目众多,引书更涉经、史、子三部,小学书规模尤巨,可管窥当时著述概况。该书成书在北魏刘芳《国语音》之后,引书年代最晚者为隋大业间的《桂苑珠丛》,结合语音现象和引书情况,其成书时间当晚于北魏后期,早于唐中期。引书有早逸者,可供辑佚;引书偶见异文、讹文者,可资校勘。

Guo Yu Jiu Yin written by an anonymous writer is the earliest annotated book on Guo Yu with phonetic transcription and meaning by Wei Zhao.In Song Xiang’s opinion,it was written in the Tang dynasty,which was accepted by the scholars of later generations.Unlike the medieval Chinese phonetics,the phonetic system of the book contains multiple consonant segmentations.There are light lips in the phonetic segmentation;the stems of Bang and Duan are not separated;the stems of Zhuang and Zhang are mixed;all this characterizes Shou Wen initials.The citations are mostly derived from Jing,Shi and Zi.This offers a glimpse of the overview of the relevant writings at that time.The book was written later than Guo Yu Yin by Liu Fang of the Northern Wei dynasty.The latest citation was from Gui Yuan Zhu Cong written in the Sui dynasty.Judging from the phonetic characteristics and the citations,it is clear that the book was written later than the late Northern Wei dynasty but earlier than the Mid-Tang dynasty.Some of the quoted books in Jiu Yin have been missed,so they are ready to be corrected;others have been wrongly or falsely interpreted,so they remain yet to be collated.