青铜器铭文主体献词的结构类型及其演变特征——以《商周青铜器铭文暨图像集成续编》著录铭文为例

Structural Types and Evolution Characteristics of Inscriptions on Bronze Vessels——Take the Inscription Recorded in Shang and Zhou Bronze Inscriptions and Image Integration Continuation as an Example

商周各时期青铜器铭文主体献词结构类型的变化反映着当时社会宗教政治背景的演变。商代晚期至西周中期,随着有铭青铜器在祖先祭祀活动中的重要性不断增强,铭文主体献词结构类型逐渐复杂多样,结构中含有献器者信息的铭文逐步占据主导地位。西周晚期礼制改革后“造器者+自作+器类”型铭文及媵器铭文数量逐渐增多。春秋中期以降,礼仪的重点转移至现世的礼仪集体之上,造器者自用型铭文占据核心地位。战国时期青铜铭文的社会功用下降,部分铭文主体献词结构类型消失不见。

The changes of the structure types of the subject dedication of bronze inscriptions in the Shang and Zhou Dynasties reflect the evolution of the social,religious and political background at that time.From the late Shang Dynasty to the mid-Western Zhou Dynasty,with the increasing importance of inscribed bronzes in ancestor worship activities,the structure types of inscriptions are gradually complicated and diverse,and the inscriptions containing the information of the presenter in the structure gradually occupy a dominant position.In the late Western Zhou Dynasty,aristocrats reorganized and the ritual system was reformed.Since then,the number of inscriptions of"maker+self-made+utensil type"and inscriptions of Qi vessels has gradually increased.Since the mid-Spring and Autumn Period,the emphasis of etiquette has gradually shifted to the secular etiquette collective,and the inscription of the maker's own use occupies the core position.During the Warring States period,the social role of bronze inscriptions was no longer what it used to be,and the structural types of main dedication of some inscriptions disappeared.