蛋用鹌鹑黑羽基因座与黄羽基因座互作关系分析

Interaction analysis of black feather locus and yellow feather locus in layer quails

试验分别从纯系黑羽鹌鹑和纯系黄羽鹌鹑中随机选取公鹑2只,母鹑6只,按照1:3比例组成黑羽(♂)×黄羽(♀)正交和黄羽(♂)×黑羽(♀)反交试验组,每个试验组各设2个杂交重复组。正交试验中各杂交组随机选取F_(1)代公鹑5只和母鹑15只组成自交组合。反交试验中各杂交组随机选取6只F_(1)代母鹑和2只亲本公鹑各组成1个回交组。观察记录并分析各试验组F_(1)和F_(2)代以及回交B_(1)代羽色及性别分离情况。结果表明,常染色体上控制黑羽性状基因座(H/h)与性染色体(Z)上黄羽基因座(Y/y)存在复杂互作关系。有色基因B存在下,黑羽基因座隐性纯合时(hh)对黄羽座位(Y/y)为隐性上位,hh与Y-(YY或Yy)互作使栗羽变为黑羽,与yy互作使黄羽变为深灰羽;黑羽座位杂合时(Hh)对Y/y为不完全显性上位,Hh与Y-(YY或Yy)互作使栗羽变为不完全黑羽,与yy互作使黄羽变为浅灰羽;黑羽座位显性纯合时(HH)与Y/y无互作关系,HH具有维持正常栗羽和黄羽表现的作用。上述两个基因座位之间互作涉及常染色体和性染色体基因座互作关系,为鹌鹑羽色研究新发现。依据研究结果,利用反交试验模式,生产具有羽色自别雌雄的杂交后代,对鹌鹑自别雌雄配套系育种和生产具有重要指导意义。

Two male quails and six female quails were randomly selected from pure-bred black quails and pure-bred yellow quails, and the reciprocal crossing experiment groups of black quails(♂)×yellow quails(♀) and yellow quails(♂) × black quails(♀) were composed in the ratio of male to female1:3, with each experimental group containing two hybrid repeat groups in this study. In the direct cross experiment, for each repeat group, five male quails and 15 female quails from F1 generations were randomly selected to form self-cross combinations. In the reverse cross experiment, for each repeat group, six female quails were randomly selected from F1 generation and two male quails were randomly selected from parent generation to form a backcross group. The feather color and sex segregation of F1, F2 and B1 generations were observed and analyzed. The results showed that there was complex interaction between the locus(H/h) of black feather on autosome and the locus(Y/y) of yellow feather on chromosome Z. In the presence of colored gene B, when the black locus was recessive homozygous, hh was a recessive epistasis to yellow locus(Y/y), then hh interacts with Y-(YY or Y-) to change maroon plumage to black, or interacts with yy to change yellow plumage to dark gray. When black locus was heterozygous, Hh was an incompletely dominant epistasis to Y/y, then Hh interacted with Y-(YY or Y-) to change maroon feather to incompletely black, or interacts with yy to change yellow feather to pale gray. When black locus was dominant homozygous, and HH has no interaction with Y/y locus, then HH had the function of maintaining the normal maroon feather and yellow feather. The interaction of these two loci involved the interaction between autosome and sex chromosome loci,which was a new discovery in the study of plumage color in quail. According to the results of this study,the model of backcross test could be used to produce the hybrid offspring with self-sexing plumage color, which had important guiding significance for breeding and production of self-sexing quail lines.