污损阻抗型有机硅基防污涂料研究进展

Progress in Fouling Resistant Silicone-Based Antifouling Coatings

海洋生物污损对海洋工业造成严重影响,导致船舶阻力及油耗上升、海水输送管道堵塞、腐蚀加速等问题。基于有机硅弹性体的污损脱附型涂层具有环境友好、减阻节能、性能长期稳定的优点,应用前景广阔。但其污损脱附性能依赖于强水流冲刷,且无法阻抗污损生物的黏附,不能满足海洋工程装备在静态条件下服役的防污需求。近年来,国内外学者通过化学与物理改性制备了系列具有污损阻抗性的有机硅涂层,包括共混/接枝两亲性添加剂、两性离子、防污剂等,提高了有机硅涂层的静态防污性能。本文综述了相关进展,对不同改性方法的优缺点进行了分析,并展望了有机硅防污涂层的发展方向。

Marine biofouling has serious impacts on marine industries,such as rising of hydrodrag and fuel consumption of ships,block of seawater pipelines,and acceleration of corrosion. Silicone-based fouling release coatings have the advantages of environmental friendliness,hydrodrag reduction and energy saving,and long-term stability with a promising application prospect. However,their fouling release performance relies strongly on water flow and cannot prevent the adsorption of fouling organisms,which cannot meet the antifouling requirements of marine engineering equipment serving under static condition. In recent years,researchers at home and abroad have prepared a series of silicone-based coatings with fouling resistance performance through chemical and physical modification,including grafting of amphiphile,zwitterions,antifouling agents,etc.,which effectively improves the antifouling performance of silicone-based coatings under static conditions. This article has reviewed the above-mentioned progress,briefly analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of different modification methods,and prospects the development direction of silicone-based antifouling coatings.