我国优秀女子仰泳运动员两种出发技术运动学特征研究

Kinematics Characteristics of China's Elite Women Backstroke Swimmers’Start Techniques

目的阐述并对比分析我国优秀女子仰泳运动员分别采用两种仰泳出发技术在预备姿势、离壁、腾空、入水和头部到达15m阶段的运动学特征,寻找各阶段数据与运动员出发效果的相关性,诊断与评估其仰泳出发技术,为今后提高其运动成绩以及对我国广大游泳运动员仰泳出发技术的教学和训练提供有参考价值的信息。方法文献资料法、实验法、视频分析法和数理统计法。结果与结论目前国内外游泳比赛中采用团身及L型仰泳出发预备姿势的运动员比例分别为67.5%和23.5%,身材较高大与较矮小的女子仰泳运动员分别适合采用团身和L型仰泳出发技术;我国优秀女子仰泳运动员的出发技术具有一定个性化特征,依据运动员各自的身体条件及身体素质特点采用适合于自己的仰泳出发技术是当今我国优秀女子仰泳运动员出发技术的发展趋势。

Objective To describe and compare the kinematic characteristics of the two backstroke start techniques used by China's best female backstroke athletes in the preparatory position,off the wall,in the air,into the water and head reaching 15m,to find the correlation between the data of each stage and the athletes'start effect,to diagnose and evaluate their backstroke start techniques,to improve their athletic performance in the future and to teach and train the backstroke start techniques for the majority of Chinese swimmers.Methods Literature,experiment,video analysis and mathematical statistics.Results and Conclusion At present,the proportion of athletes who adopt the preparatory positions of the group body and L-shaped backstroke start in domestic and international swimming competitions are 67.5%and 23.5%respectively,and the taller and shorter female backstroke athletes are suitable to adopt the group body and L-shaped backstroke start techniques respectively.The start technique of our elite female backstroke athletes has some individual characteristics,and it is the development trend today to adopt the suitable backstroke start technique according to the athletes'respective physical conditions and physical quality characteristics.