人乳头瘤病毒治疗性疫苗研究进展

Research progress of human papillomavirus therapeutic vaccines

宫颈癌主要是由高危型人乳头瘤病毒(human papillomavirus,HPV)持续性感染诱发,目前,HPV预防性疫苗已经取得重大突破,主要用于9~45岁女性宫颈癌的预防,但对于已感染者无任何治疗作用。消除宫颈癌不仅需要广泛接种预防性疫苗,也需要研究开发更好的治疗手段,因此HPV治疗性疫苗的研制也十分必要。当前,HPV治疗性疫苗主要包括亚单位疫苗、核酸疫苗、活载体疫苗、细胞疫苗等,通过递送HPV癌转化相关的靶抗原、激活特异性细胞免疫等机制清除HPV感染细胞、消减HPV相关病变,从而对肿瘤发挥治疗作用。HPV治疗性疫苗的研制具有重要的临床意义和广阔的应用前景,此文主要针对近年来HPV治疗性疫苗的研究进展进行综述。

Cervical cancer is mainly caused by persistent high-risk human papillomavirus(HPV)infection.At present,HPV preventive vaccines have made great breakthroughs and are mainly used to prevent cervical cancer caused by corresponding HPV infection in women 9 to 45 years old,but they have no therapeutic effect on people who have been infected.Eliminating cervical cancer not only requires extensive vaccination of preventive vaccines,but also requires research and development of better treatment methods.Therefore,the development of HPV therapeutic vaccines is essential.At present,HPV therapeutic vaccines mainly include subunit vaccines,nucleic acid vaccines,live vector vaccines,cell vaccines,etc.They act through the delivery of HPV malignant transformation-related target antigens,activation of specific cellular immunity and other mechanisms to clear HPV infected cells and subdue HPV-related lesions so as to play a therapeutic role on tumour.The development of HPV therapeutic vaccines has important clinical significance and broad application prospects.This article mainly reviews the research progress of HPV therapeutic vaccines in recent years.