国际投资条约仲裁司法审查的制度困境与完善路径

System Dilemma and Improvement Path of Judicial Review of International Investment Treaty Arbitration

国际投资条约仲裁司法审查能够对国际投资条约仲裁进行支持与监督,缓解国际投资条约仲裁的合法性危机,保障其健康持续发展。国际投资条约仲裁司法审查存在价值取向、审查侧重、权益影响等特殊性。当前国际投资条约仲裁司法审查面临条约缺少仲裁程序透明度条款、司法审查主体资格不明确、被撤销裁决的承认与执行存在争议、国内法律对仲裁协议内涵的界定狭隘等制度困境。为了实现投资者与东道国利益保护平衡,需通过在条约中增设仲裁程序透明度条款、明确东道国法院的裁决承认与执行司法审查主体资格、强调不予承认与执行被撤销裁决、在国内法中拓展仲裁协议范畴等路径进行有针对性的完善。

Judicial review of international investment treaty arbitration can support and supervise international investment treaty arbitration,and ease the legality crisis of international investment treaty arbitration to ensure its healthy and sustainable development.The judicial review of international investment treaty arbitration has particularities such as value orientation,review focus,rights and interests.The current judicial review of international investment treaty arbitration is faced with lack of transparency requirements of the arbitration procedure in treaty,the unclear qualifications of judicial review subjects,the recognition and enforcement of set-aside awards are disputed,and the connotation of arbitration agreements is narrow.In order to achieve a balance between the maintenance of the interests of investors and the host state,it is necessary to be improved by adding arbitration procedures transparency clauses in the treaties,clarifying the subject qualifications of the host country’s courts for the recognition and enforcement of judicial review,emphasizing non-recognition and enforcement of set-aside awards,and expanding the scope of arbitration agreements in domestic laws.