神秘与理念——试论歌德1797年叙事谣曲诗学特征

Mythos and ideas——On the poetic features of Goethe’s ballads in 1797

歌德与席勒在1797年对文学原初形式的深入探讨最终呈现为绚丽斑斓的叙事谣曲,完成诗人从魏玛时期自然魔力叙事谣曲到1797年理念叙事谣曲的风格转折,因此,1797年也被称为"叙事谣曲年"。歌德将长年埋藏于心的素材与形象转换为诗的语言,充满奇幻色彩的素材来源与彰显歌德精神的密托斯特征为1797年叙事谣曲注入不朽的诗学灵魂。而在神与魔的外衣下,诗歌又蕴含着歌德对真理与谬误的诗学思考。同年,歌德写下续作《浮士德》的框架,出现在叙事谣曲中的神与魔的对立,也再次显现在《浮士德》中,因此1797年叙事谣曲的研究有助于更好地理解歌德总体思想理念。

Goethe and Schiller’s in-depth consideration of the original literature form in 1797 is finally presented in the form of ballads, which enables the poet to complete the style transition from the “naturmagische Ballade” of the Weimar period to the “Ideenballade” in 1797. Therefore, 1797 is also called the “Balladenjahr”. Goethe converts the materials and images that have been buried in his heart for many years into the language of poetry. The fantasy material and the mythical characteristic of Goethe’s spirit have injected an immortal poetic soul into the ballads of 1797. Under the cloak of gods and demons, the ballads also contain Goethe’s poetic reflections on truth and fallacy. In the same year, Goethe writes the framework of Faust. The opposition between gods and demons that appears in the ballads also shows in Faust. As a result, the study of ballads in 1797 helps understand Goethe’s overall concept of creation.