速成教育与教育速成——以新中国成立初期工农速成中学为例

Accelerated Education and Educational Acceleration——A Study on the Fast-track Middle School for Workers and Peasants under the Leadership of CPC in the Early Days of New China

1949年新中国成立后,随着"教育为工农服务"教育方针的推行,工农大众翻身做主的革命目标落实到教育实践中,工农速成中学从无到有,并在全国范围内迅速铺开。工农速成中学作为新的办学机构,主要招收18~35岁、相当于高小毕业文化水平的工农干部,用3年时间完成6年的中学文化科学基础知识教育,为其能升入高等学校深造、培养新中国各种高级建设人才服务,以高校附设为主。作为一种以升学为目的的知识补偿性质的成人教育,它的出现是工农干部对于文化要求与国家建设需要相结合的时代产物,是新中国成立初期中国共产党领导教育、建立工农当家作主理想社会、用制度安排来积极调整高校中工农成分学生比重的一种独特尝试。这种速成教育的尝试,用政策倾斜在保障工农干部获取高等教育机会的同时,也带来诸多矛盾和问题,证明了教育速成是一条走不通的道路。

After the founding of New China in 1949,with the implementation of the educational policy of “education serving workers and peasants” and the revolutionary goal of turning the workers and peasants into the masters of their own lives,the accelerated secondary schools for workers and peasants started to exist from scratch and spread rapidly throughout the country.As a new schooling institution,the workers’ and peasants’ accelerated high school mainly recruits workers’ and peasants’ cadres aged 18-35,who are equivalent to the education level of high school graduation,to complete six-year education of basic knowledge of secondary school culture and science in three years,so as to serve them to enter higher education schools for further study and cultivate various senior construction talents of new China,mainly attached to colleges and universities.As a kind of adult education with the purpose of further education and knowledge compensation,its emergence is a product of the times of the cultural requirements of workers and peasants and the needs of national construction,and is a unique attempt to adjust the proportion of workers and peasants in colleges and universities through the institutional arrangement of the Chinese Communist Party’s leadership in education and the establishment of an ideal society in which workers and peasants are the masters.This attempt of accelerated education has brought many contradictions and problems while guaranteeing the access of workers and peasants to higher education with policy inclination,proving that accelerated education is a road that cannot be taken.