不同微生境下季风常绿阔叶林附生维管植物多样性特征

Epiphytic Vascular Plants Diversity of Different Microhabitats in Monsoon Broad-leaved Evergreen Forest

附生植物是森林生态系统中的重要结构性成分,对于维持森林生态系统物种多样性及生态系统功能均具有重要意义。该研究对云南普洱市太阳河省级自然保护区内季风常绿阔叶林5种微生境(陡坡、缓坡、高谷、沟谷和山脊)的附生维管植物组成进行野外实地调查,并结合地形数据和其他环境数据,分析了附生维管植物的多样性及其与微生境的关系。结果表明:(1)研究区季风常绿阔叶林中共记录附生维管植物97种12302株,分属16科45属;物种-多度曲线显示,隐柄尖嘴蕨(Belvisia henryi)、带状书带蕨(Vittaria doniana)、半圆盖阴石蕨(Humata platylepis)等3个物种优势明显。(2)山脊生境中附生维管植物具有更高的物种多样性和个体多度,而缓坡、沟谷生境中附生维管植物个体多度均较低。(3)在不同径级以及不同高度宿主之间的附生维管植物丰富度均具有显著差异(P<0.05),物种主要分布在中小径级宿主及林木树干中下部位。(4)影响附生维管植物物种丰富度、个体多度的主要环境变量为海拔高度、光照强度、温度;回归分析表明,附生维管植物物种丰富度与海拔高度呈线性正相关关系、与光照强度呈线性负相关关系;附生维管植物物种个体多度与光照强度呈线性负相关关系,与海拔高度和温度均呈线性正相关关系。

Epiphyte is an important structural component of the forest ecosystems and is of great significance for maintaining forest ecosystem species diversity and ecosystem function.This study investigated the composition of epiphytic vascular plants in five microhabitats(steep slope,less-steep slope,high plateau,valley and ridge)of monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest in Taiyang River Provincial Nature Reserve of Pu'er City,Yunnan Province,and combined with topographic data and other environmental data to analyze the diversity of epiphytic vascular plants and their relationship with microhabitats.The results showed that:(1)a total of 97 species and 12302 species of epiphytic vascular plants,belonging to 16 families and 45 genera,were recorded in the study area of the monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest.The species-abundance curve showed that Belvisia henryi,Vittaria doniana and Humata platylepis had obvious dominance.(2)Epiphytic vascular plants had higher species diversity and individual abundance in ridge habitats,while epiphytic vascular plants had lower individual abundance in less-steep slope and valley habitats.(3)There were significant differences in the richness of epiphytic vascular plants among different diameter classes and different height hosts(P<0.05).The species were mainly distributed in the middle and lower parts of the tree trunk.(4)The main environmental variables affecting the species richness and individual abundance of epiphytic vascular plants were altitude,light intensity and temperature;Regression analysis showed that the species richness of epiphytic vascular plants had a linear positive correlation with altitude and a linear negative correlation with light intensity;The individual abundance of epiphytic vascular plant species showed a linear negative correlation with light intensity and a linear positive correlation with altitude and temperature.