蜡杨梅砧木资源利用现状和前景

Application Status and Prospect of Wax Bayberry as Rootstock for Chinese Bayberry

杨梅(Morella rubra)作为我国南方特有水果,深受消费者的喜爱,但由于其不耐水涝、不耐盐碱、童期较长和树体高大的特性,导致适栽区域有限、产量及生产效率低。近年来,研究人员从杨梅的砧木入手,选择耐水涝、耐盐碱、童期较短、树体矮小的蜡杨梅(Morella cerifera)作为杨梅在滨海盐碱地的适栽砧木。本文从形态特征和生态习性等方面对蜡杨梅进行介绍,并概括其引种及研究现状,分析其与杨梅之间的亲缘关系及嫁接亲和性,总结了蜡杨梅作为杨梅砧木的优势,根据现有的研究提出蜡杨梅砧木利用中存在的问题,并对其未来的发展方向进行了展望。

A unique fruit in southern China,red bayberry(Morella rubra)is greatly favored by consumers.However,it has characteristics of intolerance to waterlogging and salt-alkali soil,and is a tall tree with a long juvenile phase,resulting in low production efficiency and limited suitable planting areas.In recent years,researchers seeking solutions for this problem have chosen wax bayberry(Morella cerifera)as the rootstock for red bayberry in the coastal saline-alkali soil because of its salt tolerance,dwarf stature,and short juvenile phase.This article provides a botanical introduction to wax bayberry,its morphological attributes,ecological habits,and its history,as well as the current research status,and analysis of its genetic relationship and grafting compatibility with red bayberry.Based on available research,it includes a summary of the advantages of using wax bayberry as a rootstock species as well as putting forward some of the problems,and the future outlook and development trends.