工业大麻生产全程机械化技术研发现状与展望

Review on Technology and Equipment of Mechanization for Industrial Hemp in China

随着国际上工业大麻政策的放开,国际市场对工业大麻的需求量日渐增大。工业大麻是中国特色经济作物,其产业在全球占重要地位,为了向中国工业大麻产业发展提供参考和支持,加快工业大麻产业高速发展,增强工业大麻产品国际市场竞争力,本文系统分析了工业大麻全程机械化生产模式中的土地耕作、种植、田间管理、收获和初加工等生产环节的技术及装备,重点阐述了工业大麻耕作种植、收获和初加工等3个核心技术环节的机械装备的研究现状和发展动态。明确了中国工业大麻机械化生产技术及装备面临的问题和解决方法,提出了中国工业大麻机械化生产发展的方向,开展农机农艺深度融合,健全工业大麻全程机械化生产模式,重点突破纤用或药纤兼用工业大麻收获与加工装备的研发、花叶收获与加工装备的研发和籽用工业大麻收获加工装备的研发,实现工业大麻生产的全程机械化,并向自动化和智能化迈进,促进工业大麻产业的高速发展,为提高农民的经济效益提供助力。

With the release of the international industrial hemp opening policy, the demand for industrial hemp in the international market is increasing day by day. Industrial hemp is a characteristic economic crop in China, and its industry occupies an important position in the world. In order to provide reference and support for the development of China industrial hemp industry, accelerate the rapid development of the industrial hemp industry and enhance the competitiveness of industrial hemp products in the international market, this paper systematically analyzes the technology and equipment of soil cultivation, planting, field management, harvesting and initial processing in the whole process mechanized production mode of industrial hemp, focusing on the research status and development trends of mechanical equipment in the three core technical links of cultivation, planting, harvesting and initial processing of industrial hemp. The problems and solutions of mechanized production technology and equipment of industrial hemp in China are clarified, and the development direction of mechanized production of industrial hemp in China has been put forward. It is suggested to carry out the deep integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy, to improve the whole process mechanized production mode of industrial hemp, with the focus on breaking through the research and development of industrial hemp harvest and processing equipment for fiber or medicine fiber, the research and development of flower and leaf harvest and processing equipment, and the research and development of seed industrial hemp harvest and processing equipment, so as to realize the whole process mechanization of industrial hemp production, move forward to automation and intelligence, promote the rapid development of industrial hemp industry, and provide help for improving the economic benefits of farmers.