异型钢结构自适应动态吸能阻尼器设计及试验研究

Design and Experimental Study on Adaptive Dynamic Energy Absorption Damper for Special-shaped Steel Structures

为克服反坡和碎石制动避险车道由于建设条件、外部环境影响而造成的制动性能不足问题,需为避险车道增加阻尼构件,并对阻尼结构及吸能性能展开专项研究,从而为避险车道提供适配的阻尼器,提升避险车道的制动性能。基于此,提出了一种基于异型钢结构的自适应动态吸能阻尼器。其主要原理是通过设计不同形状吸能孔,使其在外力作用下撕裂吸能,从而为阻尼器提供恒阻力。为进一步揭示不同吸能孔形状对吸能效果的影响,设计竹节形和矩形两种形状吸能孔,在相同试验条件下,利用模型试验分别验证阻尼器的结构可行性及吸能规律,从而确定阻尼器的较优结构。试验结果表明:在设定的试验条件下,竹节形和矩形2种异型钢结构吸能板在撕裂吸能破坏时均可提供较好的吸能效果,阻尼器整体结构性能均较为稳定;从所提供的阻尼力来看,竹节孔吸能板的阻尼力平均值达到112.3 kN,最大值可达到221.5 kN,而矩形孔吸能板的平均阻尼力119.7 kN,最大值为224.6 kN,较竹节孔吸能板更接近目标阻尼力120 kN,能够达到避险车道的防护目标,可作为避险车道的阻尼器结构在实际工程中应用。

In order to overcome the problem of insufficient braking performance of reverse slope and gravel braking lane caused by construction condition and external environment influence,it is necessary to add damping components for the escape lane,and carry out special research on damping structure and energy absorption performance,so as to provide suitable dampers for the escape lane and improve the braking performance of the escape lane.For this reason,an adaptive dynamic energy absorbing damper based on special-shaped steel structure is proposed.The main principle is to design different shapes of energy-absorbing holes to tear and absorb energy under the action of external force,thereby providing constant resistance for the damper.In order to reveal the influence of different shapes of energy-absorbing holes on the energy absorbing effect,the slubby-shaped and rectangular-shaped energy absorbing holes are designed.Under the same test condition,the feasibility and energy absorption rule of the damper are verified respectively by model test to determine the better structure of the damper.The test result shows that(1)under the set test conditions,both slubby-shaped and rectangular-shaped special steel structures can provide better absorbing effect in the case of tearing and absorbing damage,and the overall structure performance of the damper is relatively stable;(2)from the perspective of damping force,the average and maximum damping forces can reach 112.3 kN and 221.5 kN respectively by using the slubby-shaped energy absorbing board,while the average damping force of rectangular-shaped energy absorbing board is 119.7 kN,and its maximum damping force is 224.6 kN,which is more closer to the target damping force 120 kN than that of slubby-shaped energy absorbing board,it can achieve the protection goal of the escape lane can be used as a damper structure for the escape lane in practical engineering.