职场完美主义:研究述评与展望

Workplace Perfectionism:A Literature Review and Future Prospects

为了推动职场完美主义的发展,本文系统梳理了完美主义这一构念。首先,完美主义以设定极高标准、畏惧潜在失败或瑕疵、作出严苛评估、难以持续地自我调节为主要特征,包含二维、三维、六维和多维等不同结构。其次,现有测量工具以FMPS、HMPS和APS-R等心理学量表为主,缺乏针对职场情景的测量方式和工具。结合国内外以员工为样本的相关研究,针对职场完美主义对个体、工作、职业和家庭领域的影响效应及其理论基础进行回顾。基于此得出,我国职场完美主义研究仍处于萌芽阶段,多以横截面研究为主,缺乏基于组织理论的内在机制探讨。最后,基于新维度、新工具、新层次和新情境提出一些有趣的探索方向,如在中国文化情景下职场完美主义的结构是否会发生变化,职场完美主义对塑造工匠精神的重要指导作用,以期为未来研究提供启示。

In order to promote the development of perfectionism in the workplace,the concept of perfectionism is reviewed systematically.Firstly,perfectionism is characterized by setting extremely high standards,fearing potential failures or defects,making rigorous assessments,and being difficult to self-regulate continuously.It includes different structures such as two-dimensional,three-dimensional,six-dimensional,and multi-dimensional.Secondly,the existing measurement tools are mainly psychological scales such as FMPS,HMPS and APS-R,with a lack of measurement methods and tools for workplace situations.In addition,combined with relevant domestic and foreign studies using employees as samples,the impact of workplace perfectionism on individual workplace emotions,workplace cognition,workplace motivation,workplace behavior,workplace interaction,occupation and family fields,and its theoretical basis are reviewed.Based on this,the research on workplace perfectionism in China is still in infancy,while most of them are cross-sectional and lacks the discussion of the internal mechanism based on organizational theory.Finally,based on new dimensions,new tools,new levels and new situations,some interesting directions are proposed,such as whether the structure of workplace perfectionism will change under the Chinese cultural context and the important guiding role of workplace perfectionism in shaping the spirit of craftsmanship,which will provide inspiration for future research.