20世纪90年代以来马来西亚华文教育与华族文化认同的危机与转机

The Malaysian Chinese Education Movement since the 1990s and the Crisis of Chinese Cultural Identity

20世纪90年代以来,马来西亚华族文化认同的建构形式出现了缓慢而深刻的变化。华教体系在世纪之交面临的变质危机和合法性危机使其百年来在华人文化认同建构中作为支配性制度的角色被动摇,甚至逐渐让渡给国家教育体系。这使华教运动渐趋衰落,导致华人文化认同建构形式发生转变,即从抗拒性认同向规划性认同转变,而这种转变逐渐呈现为华人文化身份认同危机。如果马来西亚华人族群能在此过程中重振华文教育并使自身文化被合法接纳为国家文化,那么这种危机反倒可能成为保存和延续当地华人文化的转机。

Since the 1990 s, the cultural identity of the Malaysian Chinese has undergone slow and fundamental changes. The deterioration and legitimacy crisis faced by the Malaysian Chinese education system at the turn of the century has shaken its role of a “dominant system”in the construction of Chinese cultural identity over the past century, and has even gradually shifted to the national education system. This has led to the decline of the Malaysian Chinese education movement, leading to a change in the construction of Chinese cultural identity, that is, a transformation from a resistive identity to a project identity. This transformation is also an identity crisis for the Malaysian Chinese ethnic community. If the Mal-aysian Chinese community can revitalize Chinese education and make their own culture le-gally accepted as the national culture in this process, this crisis may become a turning point for the preservation and continuation of local Chinese culture.