华南抗战时期广东省银行与私营侨批业经营关系研究

A Study on the Business Relationship Between the Kwangtung Provincial Bank and the Qiaopi Industry during the Anti-Japanese War

华南抗战时期,广东省银行与具有竞争关系的私营侨批业曾走向合作经营。研究表明,战时环境是促成这一转变的诱因,互利互惠则是双方合作能够持续至抗战胜利的深层次原因。在此过程中,广东省银行依托自身的官方背景和地利优势为侨批业提供批路安保、转驳侨款、接济头寸等服务,侨批业则解决了该行在侨汇揽收和解付环节上的短板,并在经营管理方面提供了一些经验借鉴。双方合作卓有成效,为充实正面战场的军备物资、赢取日伪发动的华南经济战乃至抗战的最终胜利作出了重要贡献。然而,牟利是侨批业的本质属性,抗战时期与政府银行的合作妨碍其实现利益最大化。抗战胜利后,为寻求更大的汇兑利益,侨批业势必要挣脱广东省银行的控制而寻求自主经营,而战后彼此关系的调整又缺乏强有力的机制化保障,由此双方重新走向了竞争和争夺。

During the Anti-Japanese War in South China, the Kwangtung Provincial Bank(KPB) and the competitive private overseas—the Qiaopi industry(mainly Qiaopiju and Shuike) once moved towards cooperative management. Studies have shown that, the wartime environment is the incentive for the change, and mutual benefit is the deepest reason for the long-term cooperation between the two sides. The KPB relied on its government background to provide services such as road security, transfer of overseas Chinese funds, and position relief for the Qiaopi industry. While the Qiaopi industry made up for the shortcomings of the KPB in the overseas remittance collection and settlement, and thus provided the KPB with much reference in operation and management. It is obvious that the fruitful cooperation between the two parties not only brought about huge profits, but also made important contributions to the substantial increase of the armaments of the frontal battlefield, and the win of the South China economic war launched by the Japanese Puppet Regime, and even to the final victory of the Resistance War. However, the cooperation with the KPB hindered the Qiaopi industry from achieving maximum profits, thus the latter was bound to break away from KPB and seek independent business after the Resistance War. Moreover, the lack of mechanisms in the adjustment of mutual relationship further led to the final competition and contention between two sides.