归属视角下农村低额彩礼形成的动力机制——基于赣南G村的田野调查

The Formation Mechanism of Low Amount of Bride Price from the Perspective of the Ownership of Bride Price:Based on Field Research in G Village of Southern Jiangxi

基于赣南农村的田野经验,以彩礼归属为研究视角,分析农村婚姻家庭变迁中低额彩礼的形成与维系机制。赣南农村的宗族性底色维系了彩礼的传统属性,即彩礼主要归属于女方父母,体现了彩礼的婚姻补偿功能。彩礼的父母归属不仅降低了女方父母的要价动力,而且抑制了女儿成为彩礼要价主体的动机。具体而言,家庭经济条件改善、女儿地位提高以及对女儿养老的预期等因素抑制了女方父母的彩礼要价动力;宗族性村庄女儿对婆家的身份认同以及联合家庭再生产模式下的责任连带,避免了女儿卷入婚姻要价过程。赣南农村的低额彩礼避免了子代对父代的经济剥夺,维系了代际关系的平衡,展现了不同于高额彩礼的婚姻变革逻辑。

Based on the field experience of rural areas in southern Jiangxi,this paper analyzes the formation and maintenance mechanism of the low amount of bride price in the changes of rural marriage from the perspective of the attribution of bride price.The clan background color of rural areas in southern Jiangxi maintains the traditional attribute of the bride price,that is,the bride price mainly belongs to the bride's parents,which reflects the marriage compensation function of the bride price.The parental attribution of bride price not only reduces the motivation of the bride's parents,but also restrains the daughter from becoming the main part of bride price.Specifically,the factors such as the improvement of family economic conditions,the improvement of the daughter's status and the expectation of the daughter's retirement restrained the motivation of the bride price of the parents;The identity of the daughter to her husband's family and the responsibility of the joint family reproduction mode in the patriarchal village avoid the daughter involved in the marriage pricing process.The low amount of bride price in rural areas of south Jiangxi avoids the economic deprivation of the father generation,maintains the balance between generations,and shows the logic of marriage reform different from the high amount of bride price.