益生菌对2型糖尿病缓解作用的研究进展

Research Progress of Probiotics in Alleviating Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

糖尿病是由多因素引发的一种慢性代谢性疾病,是21世纪全世界范围内的一种流行病。糖尿病患者的肠道菌群失调,抗氧化能力降低并伴有低度炎症。而有关研究显示,益生菌作为一种活的对肠道有益健康的微生物,它可通过平衡肠道菌群、降低机体的氧化损伤和调节机体的免疫因子,起到缓解糖尿病相关症状的作用。本文梳理了目前常用的以α-葡萄糖苷酶和DPP-IV为靶点来筛选降糖菌株的两种方法,并通过体内实验评价了益生菌的降糖作用。同时从肠道菌群、免疫反应、氧化应激、短链脂肪酸以及肠道屏障等五个方面进一步概括了益生菌缓解2型糖尿病的作用机制,以期为2型糖尿病的相关研究提供一定的参考。

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease caused by multiple factors, and it is an epidemic worldwide in the 21st century. The intestinal flora of diabetic patients is imbalanced, with reduced antioxidant capacity and low-grade inflammation. Relevant studies have shown that probiotics, as a kind of living microorganisms that are beneficial to the health of the intestine, can relieve the symptoms of diabetes by balancing the intestinal flora, reducing the body’s oxidative damage and regulating the body’s immune factors. This article combs the two commonly used methods for screening hypoglycemic strains with α-glucosidase and DPP-IV as targets, and evaluates the hypoglycemic effect of probiotics through in vivo experiments. At the same time, it further summarizes the mechanism of probiotics in alleviating type 2 diabetes from five aspects such as intestinal flora, immune response, oxidative stress, short-chain fatty acids and intestinal barrier, in order to provide a certain reference for related research on type 2 diabetes.