武汉市硚口区老年人慢性病特征及风险预测分析——基于2012年与2018年监测数据

Characteristics and risk prediction of chronic diseases in the elderly in the Qiaokou District of Wuhan City——based on 2012-2018 monitoring data

目的了解武汉市硚口区老年人群健康状况水平和慢性病流行特征,为制定辖区内老年人健康管理方案提供依据。方法回顾性分析同时参加2012与2018年硚口区健康体检的老年人群数据,采用典型相关分析法验证人体测量指标与血压指标的关系。结果与2012年相比,该人群2018年监测的身体质量指数(BMI)、收缩压、舒张压、总胆固醇、甘油三酯的均值下降,其中BMI平均下降0.13 kg/m2,收缩压、舒张压分别平均下降0.13 mmHg、1.18 mmHg,总胆固醇、甘油三酯分别平均下降0.14 mmol/L、0.13 mmol/L,血糖的均值平均上升0.24 mmol/L,血糖、甘油三酯的均值差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),其他指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);相较于2012年,参与2018年体检的老年人高血糖检出率平均升高4.42%、高甘油三酯检出率平均降低4.04%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);老年女性高血压检出率升高6.52%、高胆固醇检出率降低3.79%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);人体测量指标中的腰围、体质量、BMI与血压指标呈显著相关(P<0.05)。结论武汉市硚口区老年人群主要慢性病防控情况良好,卫生部门应针对性地制定女性老年人的慢性病健康管理方案,定期开展体检工作,鼓励老年人改变不良生活方式。

Objective To understand the health status and the prevalence trend of chronic diseases among the elderly people in Qiaokou District in Wuhan city, and to provide scientific basis for better formulation of health management measures for the elderly people. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the physical examination data of the elderly people in Qiaokou District who participated in the health examination in 2012 and 2018. The canonical correlation analysis was used to further verify the relationship between anthropometric indicators and blood pressure indicators. Results Compared with 2012, the average values of body mass index(BMI), systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglyceride in this population decreased in 2018. BMI decreased by 0.13 kg/m2 on average, systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased by 0.13 mmHg and 1.18 mmHg on average, and the total cholesterol, triglyceride decreased by 0.14 mmol/L and 0.13 mmol/L on average. The mean value of blood glucose increased0.24 mmol/L on average. There were statistically significant difference between the two groups in blood glucose and triglyceride(P<0.05), and there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in other indexes(P>0.05). Compared with 2012, the detection rate of high blood glucose was increased by 4.42% on average(P<0.05), and the detection rate of high triglyceride was decreased by 4.04% on average(P<0.05). The detection rate of hypertension was increased by 6.52%(P<0.05), and the rate of high cholesterol was decreased by 3.79%(P<0.05). Waist circumference, body weight, BMI, and blood pressure were correlated in the whole population. Conclusion The elderly people of Qiaokou District in Wuhan is in good condition in the prevention and control of major chronic diseases. Health authorities should formulate health management plans for chronic diseases among elderly women, carry out regular physical examinations, and encourage the elderly to change their unhealthy lifestyles.