福建省6~12岁儿童注意缺陷多动障碍患病率调查

The Survey of Prevalence Rate for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Among Children Aged 6 to 12 Years Old in Fujian Province

目的了解及分析福建省6~12岁儿童注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)的患病率情况。方法采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法,以SNAP-Ⅳ评定量表父母版(中文版)和Vanderbilt父母评定量表为调查工具,依据DSM-ⅣADHD诊断标准进行诊断。对福建省9个地市共4130名6~12岁在读学生的ADHD患病情况进行筛查。采用匿名调查法,由家长独立完成问卷。采用χ^(2)检验比较各组患病率。结果福建省6~12岁儿童ADHD患病率为5.98%(95%CI:5.26%~6.70%),男童患病率高于女童(7.68%vs 4.04%,P<0.01);不同年龄段的ADHD患病率也不同,8和11岁各有一个小高峰;各个年级ADHD患病率差别有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中四年级患病率(7.51%)最高,六年级(4.26%)最低。以ADHD-I、ADHD-C型和ADHD-HI型常见,各亚型构成比分别为67.61%、23.48%、8.91%。104例(42.11%)ADHD儿童共病对立违抗障碍(ODD),男童多于女童(47.34%vs 30.77%)。ADHD对儿童的功能损害主要表现在学习方面(94.74%),其次是社交表现(22.27%),且男童更多见。结论福建省6~12岁儿童的ADHD患病率为5.98%,不同性别、年龄、年级的患病率不同,主要导致学习和社交功能损害。

Objective To explore the prevalence rate of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)among children aged 6 to 12 years old in Fujian Province.Methods A multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used to investigate the ADHD problems of qualified students by using the SNAP-Ⅳparent and teacher screening scale as the survey tool,according to the DSM-ⅣADHD diagnostic criteria for diagnosis.The questionnaire was completed independently by the parents in a anonymous survey.Results A total of 4130 primary school children were studied.The results showed that the prevalence rate of ADHD among the children was 5.98%(95%CI:5.26%-6.70%).The boys had higher rate than the girls(7.68%vs 4.04%,P<0.01).With the increase of age,the overall prevalence rate of ADHD fluctuated slightly,and there was a small peak at the age of 8 and 11.There was a difference in the prevalence rate of ADHD by school grade(P<0.05).The prevalence rate was highest in Grade 4(7.51%),and lowest in Grade 6(4.26%).There was no significant difference in the prevalence of ADHD between urban and rural areas in Fujian Province(P>0.05).The composition ratios of subtype ADHD-I,ADHD-C and ADHD-HI were 67.61%,23.48%and 8.91%respectively.104(42.11%)ADHD patients had comorbid oppositional defiant disorder(ODD).The rate for boys was higher than the girls(47.34%vs 30.77%).The functional impairment was mainly manifested in learning(94.74%),followed by social performance(22.27%).Conclusion The prevalence rate of ADHD children in Fujian Province is 5.98%,which needs to be paid more attention to,and needs targeted interventions.