COVID-19疫情防控不同阶段医学生认知、行为和心理健康调查

Investigation in cognition,behavior and mental health status of medical students at different stages of COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control

目的了解医学生对COVID-19疫情的认知、相应防护行为以及心理健康的动态变化情况,为特殊时期对医学生群体进行心理疏导提供依据。方法分别于2020年2月4—5日(疫情防控应急阶段)和4月25—26日(疫情防控常态化阶段),采用自制问卷、9条目患者健康问卷(patient health questionnaire-9,PHQ-9)和7项广泛性焦虑障碍量表(generalized anxiety disorde-7,GAD-7),对新疆某医学院校595名全日制本科生进行追踪调查。结果疫情防控不同阶段医学生抑郁症状(22.7%vs.23.9%)和焦虑症状(15.3%vs.19.8%)发生率的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与应急阶段相比,常态化阶段医学生对COVID-19传播途径、病死率、易感人群的认知有所提升(P<0.05);更加注意居家消毒并尽量不走访亲友,但洗手行为表现仍较差;低年级学生和女生的生活更规律(P<0.05)。多元线性回归分析显示,年龄、隔离天数、认知和行为评分可以解释抑郁或焦虑症状的33.1%和32.8%。结论与疫情防控应急阶段相比,在常态化阶段,医学生仍存在较高的抑郁和焦虑症状发生率;其认知有所提升,却出现不准确的个人防护行为和不规律的生活节律。医学生心理健康与其年龄、认知、行为和生活节律有关。

Objective To understand the dynamic changes of cognition,corresponding protective behavior,and emotional status of medical undergraduates during COVID-19 epidemic,and provide reference for psychological counseling of students.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted on 595 undergraduates of one medical college in Xinjiang on February 4-5,2020(emergency stage)and May 25-26,2020(normalization stage),respectively.Self-made questionnaire,patient health questionnaire-9(PHQ-9),and generalized anxiety disorder-7(GAD-7)were used to evaluate the recognition of COVID-19 and behavior and mental health status of the students.Results In the two stages of epidemic prevention and control,symptoms of depression were observed in 22.7%and 23.9%of the medical students,while anxiety was observed in 15.3%and 19.8%of the medical students(P>0.05).Compared to the emergency stage,the students'cognition of transmission route,mortality rate,vulnerable population of COVID-19 epidemic was improved(P<0.05);students paid more attention to disinfection at home and avoided visiting relatives and friends,but their performance of hand washing was poor;lower grade students and female students showed better performance(P<0.05)in the normalization stage.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that age,isolation days,and cognitive and behavioral scores could explain 33.1%and 32.8%of symptoms of depression or anxiety.Conclusion Compared to the emergency stage,the incidence of depression and anxiety symptoms of medical students was still higher in the normalization stage.Their cognition of COVID-19 epidemic was improved,but inaccurate protective behavior and irregular living rhythm appeared.The mental health status of medical students is related to age,cognition,behavior,and living rhythm.