黑龙江省马铃薯磷肥适宜用量研究

Study on the Appropriate Amount of Phosphate Fertilizer on Potato in Heilongjiang Province

为促进黑龙江省马铃薯生产中化肥减量增效,在黑龙江省马铃薯主产区克山县和赵光农场进行马铃薯磷肥用量定位试验,设置养分专家系统推荐施肥处理(NE),在NE处理的基础上,不施磷肥处理(NE-P)、减少磷肥50%处理(NE-50%P)、减少磷肥25%处理(NE-25%P)、增加磷肥25%处理(NE+25%P)和增加磷肥50%处理(NE+50%P),研究不同施磷量处理对马铃薯产量、养分回收率以及经济效益的影响。两年试验结果表明:优化施肥处理的磷肥回收率和农学效率均高于其他的磷肥处理,不同施磷量处理的磷肥回收率为5.5%~7.8%,NE处理的磷肥回收率最高,为7.8%。磷肥农学效率为13.4~48.9 kg·kg^(-1),NE处理的磷肥农学效率较高,为33.9 kg·kg^(-1)。本试验通过分析不同施磷量对产量和效益及磷回收率和农学效率的影响得出,在黑龙江省马铃薯主产区磷肥的适宜用量为87~92 kg·hm^(-2)。

In order to study the appropriate amount of phosphate fertilizer for potatoes in Heilongjiang Province,experiments were carried out to determine the amount of phosphate fertilizer for potatoes in Keshan county and Zhaoguang farm,the main potato producing areas in Heilongjiang Province.The nutrient expert system was set up to recommend fertilization treatment(NE).On the basis of NE treatment,no phosphate fertilizer was applied(NE-P),50%phosphate fertilizer was reduced(NE-50%P),25%phosphate fertilizer was reduced(NE-25%P),25%phosphate fertilizer was increased(NE+25%P),and 50%phosphate fertilizer was increased(NE+50%P),the aim was to study the effects of different phosphate treatments on potato yield,nutrient recovery and economic benefits.The results of two years′average showed that the phosphate recovery rate and agronomic efficiency of the optimized fertilizer treatment were higher than those of other phosphate treatments,the phosphate fertilizer recovery and agricultural efficiency of the optimized fertilization treatment were higher than those of other phosphate fertilizer treatments.The phosphate fertilizer recovery of different phosphate application rates ranged from 5.5%to 7.8%,and the phosphate fertilizer recovery of NE treatment was the highest,which was 7.8%.The agricultural efficiency of phosphate fertilizer was 13.4-48.9 kg·kg^(-1),and that agricultural efficiency of NE treatment was higher,which was 33.9 kg·kg^(-1).According to the preliminary results of this study,the appropriate phosphate fertilizer amount in the potato production areas of Heilongjiang Province is 87-92 kg·ha^(-1),based on the effects of different phosphate application rates on yield and efficiency,phosphate recovery rate and agronomic efficiency.