微咸水灌溉模式对番茄生长和产量的影响

Effects of Brackish Water Irrigation Modes on Growth and Yield of Tomato

为提高微咸水利用率并探索合理的灌溉模式,本研究设计微咸水、淡化水、苗期淡化水和苗期微咸水4种灌溉方式对番茄进行处理,调查番茄农艺性状、SPAD值、氮含量及产量变化。结果表明:微咸水不同灌溉模式对番茄生长发育影响显著,微咸水灌溉与其他处理相比对番茄株高增长有一定抑制作用,淡化水可促进株高增长;茎粗以微咸水处理最大,叶片数、始节高度和根长以淡化水处理最大;叶片SPAD值和氮含量以苗期淡化水处理最高,显著高于微咸水和苗期微咸水处理;单株结果数以苗期淡化水处理最高,单果重和产量以淡化水较高,但淡化水与苗期淡化水处理产量差异不显著。因此,在微咸水灌溉下,只在苗期进行淡化水灌溉可有效提高番茄产量,增加效益,降低淡化水使用成本,提高微咸水利用率。

In order to improve the utilization rate of brackish water and explore a reasonable irrigation mode,four irrigation treatments of brackish water irrigation,desalinated water irrigation,desalinated water irrigation at seedling stage and brackish water irrigation at seedling stage were designed to investigate the agronomic traits,SPAD value,nitrogen content and yield changes of tomato.The results showed that different irrigation modes of brackish water had significant effects on the growth and development of tomato.Compared with other treatments,the growth of tomato plant height was significantly restrained of brackish water irrigation treatment,the growth of tomato plant height was promoted in desalinated water treatment.The stem diameter was the largest in brackish water treatment,the number of leaves,height of first node and root length were the largest in desalinated water treatment.The SPAD value and nitrogen content of leaves were the highest of desalinated water at seedling stage treatment,which were significantly higher than those in brackish water treatment and brackish water at seedling stage treatment.The number of fruit per plant was the highest in desalinated water at seedling stagehe treatment,and the single fruit weight and yield were higher in desalinated water treatment,but there was no significant difference of the yield between desalinated water irrigation treatment and desalinated water irrigation at seedling stage treatment.Therefore,under brackish water irrigation,only desalinated water irrigation at seedling stage could effectively improve tomato yield,increase benefit,reduce the cost of desalinated water,and improve the utilization rate of brackish water.