Remote sensing experiments for earth system science

The Earth system is an integrated system that can be divided into six main subsystems:geosphere,atmosphere,hydrosphere,cryosphere,biosphere,and anthrosphere.These subsystems are interconnected through the flows of global energy,water,and carbon,which are fundamental constituent cycles within the Earth system.To improve our predictive understanding of the subsystem on our changing planet,there is a need to better represent these subsystems through modelling and observations.The central role of these fundamental cycles has prompted scientific institutions or meteorological centers to develop digital platforms dedicated to the integration,modelling,and assimilation of Earth observation data,e.g.,Big Earth Data Science Engineering(Guo,Li,and Qiu 2020).