耕作方式对三江平原玉米土壤结构及产量的影响

Effects of tillage methods on soil structure and yield of maize in Sanjiang Plain

为研究土壤结构和水分利用对玉米产量的影响,于2018~2019年在黑龙江省云山农场设置常规旋耕(RT)、隔行深松(GS)、深松(ST)、浅翻(CT)、深翻(SF)5种耕作方式,分析比较不同耕作方式对三江平原土壤水稳性团聚体和有机碳含量与产量、水分利用率的影响。结果表明:与旋耕相比,在0~20 cm土层,深松处理显著增加了大于0.25 mm水稳性团聚体含量(R_(0.25))、大于0.25 mm团聚体有机碳含量和贡献率(I_(SOC0.25))、总有机碳含量,并且增加0~30 cm土层团聚体平均重量直径;而深翻处理增加了20~30 cm土层R_(0.25)、I_(SOC0.25)、土壤有机碳含量。相对于旋耕处理,深松处理效果最理想,两年中产量和水分利用率分别增加9.64%、12.11%和8.44%、10.50%。综合分析,深松处理有利于土壤结构改善,增加土壤有机碳含量及其贡献率,提高产量和水分利用率,是该地区比较理想的耕作方式。

In order to explore the effects of soil structure and water use on maize yield,five tillage methods includingconventional rotary tillage(RT),interval deep loosening(GS),subsoiling(ST),shallow plough(CT)and deep tillage(SF),were set up in Yunshan farm of Heilongjiang province from 2018 to 2019,the offects of different farming methods on the soil water-stable aggregates,organic carbon content,yield and water use efficiency were analyzed and compared in Sanjiang Plain.The results showed that compared with RT,in the 0~20 cm soil layer,the subsoiling treatment significantly increased the content of water-stable aggregates larger than 0.25 mm(R_(0.25)),the content and contribution rate of soil organic carbon of aggregates larger than 0.25 mm(I_(SOC0.25))and the total organic carbon content,and increased the 0~30 cm soil average weight diameter of layer aggregate;deep tillage treatment increased the R_(0.25),I_(SOC0.25) and soil organic carbon content of the 20~30 cm soil layer.Compared with the rotary tillage treatment,the subsoiling treatment had the best effect.The yield and water use efficiency increased by 9.64%,12.11%and 8.44%,10.50%respectively in two years.In Summary,subsoiling treatment is beneficial to the improvement of soil structure,increasing soil organic carbon content and contribution rate,increasing yield and water use efficiency,and it is an ideal farming method in this area.