氮肥运筹下不同种植方式水稻对氮素的吸收、转运和利用

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer management on nitrogen absorption,translocation and utilization of rice in different planting methods

为改进江汉平原地区中稻氮肥施用方法。采用田间小区试验,设置当地常规施肥(FFP)、缓控释肥与尿素配施(CRF)、海藻多糖氮肥替代(HTN)及不施氮对照(CK)4个氮肥管理,研究不同氮肥运筹对机插稻、直播稻氮素吸收、转运及氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明:水稻分蘖前期机插稻的干物质积累量FFP处理比CRF、HTN处理分别高41.83%、19.89%,直播稻CRF处理比FFP处理高4.84%;分蘖盛期-拔节期机插稻干物质积累量、氮素积累量占总干物质积累量、氮素积累量的比例比直播稻分别高12.58%~17.21%、15.24%~67.24%;拔节期-成熟期各处理的干物质积累量表现为CRF>HTN>FFP,且直播稻的干物质积累量占总干物质积累量的比例比机插稻高12.72%~17.61%,CRF处理机插稻和直播稻的穗部干物质积累分别比FFP处理增加了19.71%和14.82%,HTN处理分别增加了13.10%和3.93%。在氮素的积累、转运、利用上机插稻与直播稻具有相似性,均表现为CRF>HTN>FFP,CRF处理下机插稻和直播稻氮肥表观利用率分别比FFP处理增加了38.02%和34.57%,HTN处理分别增加了11.82%和13.33%。缓控释肥与尿素配施、施用海藻多糖氮肥,都有利于提高杂交中稻氮素的积累、转运和利用,同时氮肥适当后移有助于直播稻的氮素吸收。

In order to improve the application method of nitrogen fertilizer for middle rice in Jianghan Plain,a field trial was conducted and 4 local nitrogen fertilizer managements including conventional fertilization(FFP),slow-controlled release fertilizer and urea combined application(CRF),seaweed polysaccharide nitrogen fertilizer replacement(HTN)and no nitrogen control(CK)were set up to study the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer management on the nitrogen absorption,transportation and nitrogen utilization efficiency of machine transplanted rice and direct seeded rice.The result showed that:in early tillering of rice,the dry matter accumulation of machine transplanted rice with FFP treatment was 41.83%and 19.89%higher than those of CRF and HTN treatment,respectively;dry matter accumulation of direct seeded rice with CRF treatment was 4.84%higher than FFP.The ratio of dry matter accumulation and nitrogen accumulation to the total dry matter accumulation and nitrogen accumulation of machine-transplanted rice at tillering stage-joining stage was 12.58%~17.21%and 15.24%~67.24%higher than that of direct seeding rice,respectively.The dry matter accumulation of each treatment at the jointing stage to maturity stage was expressed as CRF>HTN>FFP,and the proportion of dry matter accumulation of direct-seeded rice to total dry matter accumulation was 12.72%~17.61%higher than that of machine-transplanted rice.Compared with FFP,the spike dry matter accumulation of machine transplanted rice and direct seeded rice in CRF treatment increased by 19.71%and 14.82%respectively,and that in HTN treatment increased by 13.10%and 3.93%respectively.In terms of nitrogen accumulation,transport and utilization,machine transplanted rice is similar to seeded seeding rice,which is CRF>HTN>FFP.Compared with FFP,the apparent nitrogen utilization efficiency of machine transplanted rice and direct seeding rice under CRF treatment increased by 38.02%and 34.57%,respectively,and HTN treatment increased by 11.82%and 13.33%,respectively.The combined application of slow-release nitrogen and urea and the application of seaweed polysaccharide nitrogen fertilizer are all conducive to increasing the accumulation,transportation and utilization of nitrogen in hybrid mid-season rice.At the same time,proper backward shift of nitrogen fertilizer helps direct-seeded rice nitrogen absorption.