叶面补铁对贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄生理调节及品质提升的影响

Effects of foliar iron supplement on physiological regulation and quality improvement of wine grapes in eastern Helan Mountains

贺兰山东麓碱性石灰性土壤中铁元素含量不足且有效性低,极易引发缺铁导致葡萄黄化现象,从而降低酿酒葡萄品质及产量,施用铁肥可满足酿酒葡萄对铁素营养的需求,而实现葡萄优质高产的适宜铁肥用量并不清楚。以6年生“赤霞珠”为研究对象,设置5个不同螯合铁喷施水平:0.86 kg/hm^(2)(T1)、1.14 kg/hm^(2)(T2)、1.43 kg/hm^(2)(T3)、1.73 kg/hm^(2)(T4)和2.0 kg/hm^(2)(T5),以喷清水为对照(CK),研究叶面补铁对酿酒葡萄产量、生理调节及品质提升的影响。结果表明,叶面喷施螯合铁处理的光合速率、胞间CO_(2)浓度、蒸腾速率及总叶绿素含量均较对照显著增加且以T3处理最高,T3处理的光合速率、胞间CO_(2)浓度、蒸腾速率及总叶绿素含量分别较其他喷施螯合铁处理增加10.3%~17.8%、4.4%~14.9%、8.6%~41.6%、11.0%~16.7%;气孔导度以T3和T4处理最高,较其他处理增加15.5%~106.5%,同时喷施螯合铁肥处理产量较CK处理提高7.4%~21.6%;果实花色苷含量以T3最高,较CK提高了112.1%,较其他喷施螯合铁处理增加了8.5%~31.2%。总之,在贺兰山东麓葡萄酒产区通过叶面补铁肥能有效促进酿酒葡萄的光合能力,促进浆果品质的提升,叶面喷施螯合铁量控制在1.43 kg/hm^(2)左右时对酿酒葡萄的产量和品质提升效果最优。

The content of iron in alkaline calcination soil at the eastern foot of Helan Mountain is insufficient and the availability is poor,which can easily lead to the phenomenon of chlorosis of grape due to iron deficiency,thus reducing the quality and yield of wine grape.The application of iron fertilizer can meet the demand of wine grape for iron nutrition,but the appropriate amount of iron fertilizer to achieve high quality and high yield of grape is not clear.Taking 6-year-old Cabernet Sauvignon as the research object,five different levels of chelated iron spray were set up:0.86 kg/hm^(2)(T1),1.14 kg/hm^(2)(T2),1.43 kg/hm^(2)(T3),1.73 kg/hm^(2)(T4)and 2.0 kg/hm^(2)(T5),using spray water as a control(CK),to study the effect of foliar iron supplementation on production,physiological regulation and quality improvement of wine grapes.The results showed that the photosynthetic rate,intercellular CO_(2) concentration,transpiration rate and total chlorophyll content of the leaf surface treated with iron chelate were significantly increased compared with those treated with CK,and T3 was the highest.The photosynthetic rate,intercellular CO_(2) concentration,transpiration rate and total chlorophyll content of the leaf treated with iron chelate increased by 10.3%~17.8%,4.4%~14.9%,8.6%~41.6%and 11.0%~16.7%,respectively,compared with those other treated with iron chelate;Stomatal conductance was the highest in T3 and T4 treatment,which increased by 15.5%~106.5%compared with other treatments.At the same time,the yield of Fe-chelated fertilizer treatment was 7.4%~21.6%higher than CK treatment.The content of anthocyanin in fruit was the highest in T3,which increased 112.1%compared with CK,and increased 8.5%~31.2%compared with other treatments of iron chelate spraying.In short,in the wine producing areas at the eastern foot of Helan Mountain,iron fertilizer applied on the leaves can effectively promote the photosynthetic capacity of wine grapes and promote the improvement of berry quality.When the amount of chelated iron applied on the leaves is controlled at about 1.43 kg/hm^(2),the yield and quality of wine grapes can be improved most effectively.