农村生活污水治理的现状、难点及对策研究——以四川省雅安市为例

Current situation, difficulties and countermeasures of rural domestic sewage treatment: case study of Ya’an City, Sichuan Province

农村生活污水已成为水污染的重要因素之一,也是开展农村人居环境整治行动、全面提升农村人居环境质量的突出短板。本文在对雅安市农村生活污水来源、特点、治理现状调研的基础上,分析总结生活污水治理工作中存在的主要问题和难点,提出加强雅安市农村生活污水治理的对策,旨在为农村水环境治理问题提供解决途径。研究指出,农村生活污水治理应该结合农村地形地貌、经济条件、人口数量、污水排放量,因地制宜选取适合的设备成本较低、运行能耗较低、处理效率较高、易操作、易维护的生活污水处理工艺和建设模式,加快污水收集管网全面覆盖,确保生活污水收集率,加大投资力度,保证后期设备运行维护费用,改变农村生活污水无序排放现状,确保农村生活污水处理设施长期稳定运行,确保农村生活污水处理设施发挥成效。

Rural domestic sewage has become one of the important factors of water pollution.Rural domestic sewage treatment is the prominent short board to promote the improvement of rural living environment.Based on the investigation of the source, characteristics and treatment status of rural domestic sewage in Ya’an City, this paper analyzes and summarizes the main problems and difficulties in the treatment of domestic sewage, and puts forward countermeasures to strengthen the treatment of rural domestic sewage in Ya’an City, aiming to provide solutions to the problems of rural water environment treatment.The study points out that rural domestic sewage treatment should select suitable domestic sewage treatment technology and construction mode with low equipment cost, low operation energy consumption, high treatment efficiency, easy operation and maintenance should be selected according to local conditions, combining with rural topography, economic conditions, population and sewage discharge, speed up the comprehensive coverage of sewage collection pipe network to ensure the domestic sewage collection rate, increase investment to ensure the cost of equipment operation and maintenance, and change the status of disorderly discharge of rural domestic sewage to ensure the long-term stable operation and the effectiveness of rural domestic sewage treatment facilities.