长江生态保护中“原真性”目标初探

Preliminary study of the “authenticity” goal in the ecological protection of the Yangtze River

"原真性"本是文化遗产保护领域术语,指文化遗产本身和相关信息"原初""真实"和"可信";但近年来在党中央和国务院文件中"原真性"作为目标被多次提出,应用对象从文化遗产扩展至各类自然生态系统,并在2020年被明确成为长江生态保护的目标之一。在分析"原真性"对应英文词"authenticity"的"自然原真性"和"历史原真性"两种解读,以及"新型生态系统"理论的基础上,笔者认为长江生态修复更适合采用"自然原真性"作为主要目标,即保持或恢复长江作为一个健康生态系统的自我更新功能,不追求恢复到某个人为认定的未经人类干扰的历史时期状态,并且"原真性"目标主要适合长江流域较大尺度的自然生态系统的保护与修复而非城市建成区内部河湖水系。"十四五"期间,建议进一步研究原真性有关理论,在长江生态保护的原真性目标和实现路径上凝成共识,有效指导长江大保护工作。

The Chinese word "authenticity" is originally a term in the field of cultural heritage protection, which refers to "original","real" and "trustworthy" of cultural heritage.But recently this word has been proposed many times in the documents of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council of the People’s Republic of China, as the goal of cultural heritage protection and natural ecosystem protection, and now clearly as one of the goals of ecological protection of the Yangtze River.Based on the review of "natural authenticity""historical authenticity" and the theory of "novel ecosystem" in the field of ecological restoration, it is considered that the "natural authenticity" goal is more suitable for ecological restoration of the Yangtze River.It is crucial to maintain or restore the self-renewal function of the Yangtze River as a healthy ecosystem, rather than specifically restoring to a state in a historical period with barely no human disturbance.Besides, the goal of "authenticity" is mainly suitable for the protection and restoration of natural ecosystems in the relatively large scale in the Yangtze River basin rather than in the rivers or lakes within built-up areas.During the 14 th Five-Year Plan period, it is recommended to further study the relevant theories of authenticity, to form a consensus on the authenticity goal and the realization path of the ecological protection of the Yangtze River, and to effectively guide the protection of the Yangtze River.