互联网保险合同双向信息流动与平衡机制研究——基于行为法律经济学视阈的分析

Research on Two-way Information Flow and Balance Mechanism of Internet Insurance Contract:From the Perspective of Behavioral Law and Economics

从传统法经济学转换到行为法经济学的视角,发生了民法人像的变迁,导致网络投保人存在一系列认知局限和行为偏差。现行保险法律未能注意到更现实的人类选择行为,仅停留在理想化的理性人像之上,未能提出更具体的信息披露标准。网络保险格式条款规制的主观困境、客观困境与法律困境均促使立法面向保险实践予以调整。针对网络保险人对投保人行为偏差的利用现象,应加强保险人流向的信息披露义务规制,通过信息干预、设置法律默认规则以及冷静期机制,来进行“法律除偏”。在网络投保人流向,应强调其自主阅读和理解保险信息的不真正义务,由单向被动接受信息逐渐转为双向主动信息流通,以激励网络投保人对自我利益的照顾,并平衡与网络保险人之间的信息责任。

From the perspective of traditional law and economics to behavioral law and economics,the image of subject of Civil Law has changed.Policy-holder has series of cognitive limitations and behavioral biases.However,the current insurance law fails to pay attention to the more realistic human choice behavior,but stays on the idealized image of rational person,and fails to put forward more specific standards of information disclosure.The subjective dilemma,objective dilemma and legal dilemma of the regulation of standard clauses of network insurance urge the legislation to be adjusted for insurance practice.To deal with the internet insurer′s use of policy-holder′s behavior biases,we should“debias through law”through information intervention,establishment of legal default rules and cooling-period mechanism.In the flow of online policyholders,we should emphasize their obliegenheiten to independently read and understand insurance information,and gradually change from one-way passive acceptance of information to two-way active information flow,so as to encourage online policyholders to take care of their own interests and balance their information responsibilities with online insurers.