武术之打新论

Newresearch on the Fight of Wushu

打是所有武术类活动所共有的功能特征,中国武术的打却有区别于其他武术的显著特点。这特点既令中国武术在世界武术花苑中别具一格,同时也为其带来许多褒贬不一的蜚语流言。鉴于武术之打的议题对于武术的重要性,以及该议题由于牵涉多种因素所具有的复杂性,在前期研究成果基础上,将实践观察与文献资料、同行意见和个人思辨互参,对其展开再讨论。研究认为:(1)对于“中国武术能不能打”的问题,回答是武术能打,但效度较低。主要可从四个方面进行解释:①中国传统文化之“道器论”使武术的目标追求从现实功利转向终极关怀;②中华传统的“整体观”思想使武术在功能价值上的努力呈多元分散;③中国农耕社会的“宗法制”使武术在技术传习上讲“门户”、重“正宗”,封闭保守、排斥异己的思想行为违背了博采众长、融会贯通的打之效果最优化规律;④武术的训练内容和方式重心决定了其打之功能的相对弱化。(2)对武术之打“曾经”的留恋,是长期以来人们对其不能进行客观评判的重要原因,这种留恋产生于崇古情结与武打影视的合构,虽有价值,但却不一定真实可靠。(3)针对武术之打的现实,提出两条应对途径:①融会贯通,打造适合表现现代武术打之能力的项目;②凸显多元,以打之特色站稳世界武术“擂台”。

Fight is the common functional feature of all kinds of martial arts,but the feature of the fight of Chinese Wushu is different from other martial arts and makes Chinese Wushu a special existence in the world martial arts cultural garden.It brings a lot of gossip for Wushu as well.Because of the importance of the fight of Wushu and the complexity of many factors it involves,using research methods of literature review and comparative analysis,based on the previous research results,this paper rediscussed the issue of the fight of Wushu.It mainly concluded:1)as the question of“if Chinese Wushu can fight or not”,our answer is:Wushu still can fight,but its efficiency is already relatively backward;there are three reasons:firstly,the“DaoQi theory”of Chinese traditional culture turns the pursuit of Wushu objective from the practical utility to the ultimate concern;secondly,the idea of“integral view”of Chinese traditional culture makes Wushu more scattered in the pursuit of functional value;thirdly,the content and mode of Wushu training determined the weakening of its function value.2)The reason why for a long time people cannot judge the fight of Wushu objectively is originated from people s nostalgia toward the past fight of Wushu,this nostalgia is produced by the co-construction of advocating ancient times complex and Kong Fu films,although it s not worthless,but it s not necessarily true.3)Aiming at the reality of Wushu,two countermeasures are put forward:firstly,concise the essence of every Quanzhong and highlight the suitable project which can demonstrate the ability of fight of modern Wushu;secondly,highlight the multi functions of Wushu,and lay a foothold in the World martial arts“ring”with its characteristics.