庚戌博学鸿词科流产与陈澧的科举教育改革理念

The Abortion of Bo Xue Hong Ci Category and Chen Li's Reforming of Imperial Examination Education

道光三十年(1850年)候补京堂张锡庚奏请开设博学鸿词科,此次制科旨在广揽通经致用之才与布衣韦带之士,然经礼部商议后并未施行。陈澧第五次参加会试,再次落榜。拟重开博学鸿词科的消息令陈澧满怀期待,但愿望的幻灭不仅使他和大批举子极为失望,这更是成为陈氏由“纯学术”到“经世致用”学术转向的关键。返粤后的陈澧着力论证“荐举”于历朝政治得失中的作用,以期朝廷重设制科。张锡庚、陈澧“向后看”的选才理念体现了在近代中国社会转型的早期,士大夫专注于从历代政治得失中寻求救世良方的努力。

Zhang Xigeng proposaled Bo Xue Hong Ci category,in order to solicit practical talents and cloth literatis in 1850.However,the ministry of rites did not agree.Chen Li participated in the joint examination,which was the fifth times.The news of proposed reopening Bo Xue Hong Ci category,made him look forward to it.However,the disillusionment of desire made Juzi extremely disappointed,including Chen Li.Especially,this event made Chen Li from pure academic to practical use.After returning to Guangdong,Chen Li proved the use of JianJu in political gains and losses of previous dynasties.In the early stage of social transformation in modern China,the talent selection concept of looking back by Zhang Xigeng and Chen Li,reflected scholar bureaucrat seeking a good recipe for salvation from political gains and losses of previous dynasties.