《司文郎》脞说

Brief Discussion on Si Wen lang

《司文郎》中八股文的破题具有多重含义。以“其为人也小有才”评论小说中的宋生,在引用《孟子》中的语言之外,还具有暗示、预示宋生身为鬼魂的寓意。宋生用“南人不复反矣”指摘余杭生的行为,对余杭生与宋生的人品、性情描画具有双重意义。对归有光、胡友信两位八股文大家的赞誉,反映了蒲松龄对明清时期科举考试的认识和慨叹。王平子再次参加顺天乡试“俄以犯规被黜”的描写,融入了蒲松龄参加乡试“被黜”的人生经历。窦禹钧、范仲淹贫而能廉的故事,不仅赞赏小说中王平子高尚的人格情怀,同时也显现了蒲松龄本人的人生理想与坚贞品格。至于“梓潼府中缺一司文郎,暂令聋僮署篆,文运所以颠倒”的记叙,则巧妙地融汇了梓潼帝君的陪祀神为“天聋”“地哑”两位书僮的民间传说。

The breakthrough point of the title of the eight-part essay in Si Wen Lang has multiple meanings.Commenting on the scholar surnamed Song in the novel with“you are a little talented”,besides quoting the original text in“Mencius”,it also implies and foreshadows that the scholar surnamed Song is a ghost.The scholar surnamed Song used“the southerners would never rebel anymore”to accuse the behavior of scholar whose hometown is Yuhang,which has a dual meaning for describing the character and temperament of the scholar whose hometown is Yuhang and the scholar surnamed Song.The praise to the two masters of eight-part essays,Gui Youguang and Hu Youxin,reflected Pu Songling's understanding and lament on imperial examinations during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.The description of Wang Pingzi's disqualification for the test due to violation of the rules when Wang Pingzi participated in the Shuntian Provincial Examination again was integrated into Pu Songling's life experience of being disqualified for participating in the Provincial Examination.The stories of Dou Yujun and Fan Zhongyan who were poor but could not be tempted by money not only appreciated the noble personality and feelings of Wang Pingzi in the novel,but also shew Pu Songling's own life ideals and steadfast character.As for the narrative that“the Zitong Mansion lacks a Si Wen Lang,and is temporarily represented by a deaf bookboy to hold the official seal,this is the reason for the inversion of the cultural fortunes”,it cleverly blends the folklore that Emperor Zitong's accompaniment gods are two bookboys,“Heavenly Deaf”and“Earth Mute”.