气振盘式精密播种三段式流水线控制系统设计与试验

Designand Test of Three-stage Conveying Pipeline with Vacuum-vibration Tray Precision Seeding Control System

针对目前国内超级稻育秧播种作业中自动化程度低、配套设备少、播种精度低等问题,设计了一套气振盘式精密播种三段式流水线系统,由三段式输送带、铺底土机构、扫底土机构、压穴机构、精密排种器、秧盘定位机构、覆表土机构、扫表土机构、洒水机构、电磁继电器、霍尔传感器、光电传感器、触摸屏和PLC控制器组成,可实现气吸振动盘式水稻精密排种器与流水线的融合及水稻种植过程中的自动化育秧。以触摸屏作为控制系统的人机交互窗口,光电传感器的触发信号作为育秧盘的到位信号,通过PLC控制器发出的高速脉冲控制压穴机构和秧盘定位机构的运动和精确定位,控制器发出电平信号控制电磁继电器触点的吸合与断开,进而控制三段式流水线及其他作业机构的运动;利用霍尔传感器将实时采集到的关键作业机构的转速信号传输到PLC中,并通过触摸屏进行显示。试验结果表明:气振盘式精密播种三段式流水线的工作效率可达450盘/h,每穴播种1~2粒的合格率为95.62%,重播率为2.40%,空穴率为1.98%。该控制系统运行稳定,精密排种器与流水线运行协调性较好,为进一步优化气振盘式精密播种流水线提供了借鉴。

In order to solve the problems of low automation,few supporting equipment and low sowing precision in the current domestic super rice seedling raising and sowing operation,this paper designs a set of three-stage conveying pipeline system with vacuum-vibration tray for precision seeding.The system is composed of three-stage conveyor belt,spreading mechanism,sweeping mechanism,pressing mechanism,precision seed metering device,seedling tray positioning mechanism,covering mechanism,sweeping mechanism,sprinkling mechanism,electromagnetic relay,hall sensor,photoelectric sensor,touch screen and PLC controller.It integrates the vacuum-vibration tray precision seeding device with the conveying pipeline to realize the automatic rice seedling.The system uses the touch screen as the human-computer interaction window of the control system,and the trigger signal of the photoelectric sensor as the position signal of the seedling tray.The PLC controller sends out high-speed pulse signal to control the movement and precise positioning of the hole pressing mechanism and the seedling tray positioning mechanism.The PLC controller sends level signals to control the electromagnetic relay contacts to close and open,and then controls the movement of three-stage pipeline and other operating mechanisms.This system uses Hall sensor to collect the speed signal of key working mechanism in real time and transmit it to PLC,then display it on the touch screen.The results of test showed that the working efficiency of the three-stage conveying pipeline system with vacuum-vibration tray for precision seeding can reach 450 discs/h,sowing pass rate can reach 95.42%,the multicast rate is 2.1%,the hole rate is 2.48%.The control system runs stably,and the precision seed metering device and the pipeline run well in coordination,which provides a reference for further optimization of the precision seeding pipeline with air vibrating tray.