后悬挂式果园开沟施肥覆土机设计与试验

Design and Test of Rear-hanging Orchard Trench Fertilizer Covering Machine

根据新疆果园的农艺种植特点,设计了一种后悬挂式开沟施肥覆土机。该机采用人字铲式开沟器在地表开出一定深度沟槽,深度在20~30cm范围可调节,在开沟槽内施肥,最后应用双圆盘式覆土机构完成覆土作业。田间试验表明:该机的开沟深度、施肥深度、施肥均匀性、覆土效果均达到了技术要求;作业速度为2km/h时,机具总体作业较平稳,作业速度达到3km/h时,机具波动性明显增强,开沟深度、施肥深度均出现明显变化;作业过程中,未出现堵肥现象,覆土效果良好。机具整体机构简单、操作方便、作业性能较稳定,具有良好的开沟施肥覆土效果,能够满足果园施肥的农艺要求。

According to the agronomic planting characteristics of Xinjiang orchards,this paper designs a rear-hanging ditch fertilizing and covering machine.The machine uses a herringbone shovel opener to create a certain depth of groove on the ground,the depth can be adjusted in the range of 20cm-30cm,fertilize in the groove opened,and finally use a double disc type soil cover mechanism to complete the soil cover operation.Through field tests,the ditching depth,fertilization depth,fertilization uniformity and soil covering effect of the machine have reached the technical requirements.When the operating speed is 2km/h,the overall operation of the implement is relatively stable.When the operating speed reaches 3km/h,the fluctuation of the implement is significantly enhanced,and the depth of the ditch and the fertilization depth are significantly changed.During the operation,there is no fertilizer blocking phenomenon,and the effect of covering soil is good.The overall mechanism of the machine is simple,the operation is convenient,the operation performance is relatively stable,it has a good effect of ditching fertilization and covering the soil,and can meet the agronomic requirements of orchard fertilization.