从强制性到诱致性:水库移民政策演进与创新路径——以湖南省水库移民政策为例

From compulsion to inducement:Evolution and innovation path of reservoir migration policy--a case study of reservoir resettlement policy in Hunan province

新中国成立以来,党和政府不断加大对水库移民权益的保障力度,移民安置状况逐步得到改善。本研究以湖南省70年水库移民政策变迁为例,基于制度变迁理论对湖南省水库移民政策的历史演进特征及逻辑进行分析。研究发现水库移民政策从强制性制度变迁逐步向诱致性制度变迁转变,水库移民政策的安置模式、补偿方式、政策形式都呈现出新的特征;水库移民政策历史演进遵循制度形成从自上而下到自下而上、运行机制从激进型到渐进型以及制度效用从生存导向到发展导向的逻辑转变。研究认为应从主体协作、行为选择、利益整合三个方面提出水库移民政策可持续发展的创新路径。

Since the founding of the People's Republic of China,the Party and the government have continuously increased the protection of the rights and interests of reservoir migrants,and the resettlement situation has gradually improved.Taking the reservoir migration policy changes in Hunan province in the past 70 years as an example,this study analyzes characteristics and logic of the historical evolution of reservoir migration policy in Hunan Province based on institution change theory.It is found that the reservoir immigration policy has a trend from forced institutional change to the induced institutional change,and the resettlement mode,compensation mode and policy form of reservoir resettlement policy have presented new characteristics.The historical evolution of reservoir migration policy follows the logical transformation from top-down to bottom-up system formation,from radical to gradual operation mechanism and from survival to development.The research suggests that the innovative path of sustainable development of reservoir resettlement policy should be put forward from three aspects:main body cooperation,behavior choice and interest integration.