国家保护义务视域下养老机构治理的立法优化

Legislative optimization of the governance of elderly institutions in the perspective of state protection obligations

国家保护义务是养老机构治理立法规范的基础,是保护入住老人权利免受第三方侵害的积极义务。实践调研与理论研究发现,国家保护义务视域下养老机构治理的立法粗疏:一般状态下养老机构从业人员日常行为、入住老人健康服务、新型养老模式应用的法律规则模糊与滞后,入住老人权利易受“隐性”侵害;特殊状态下养老机构应急防控统筹协调机制、涉及资金风险防控措施、运营过程中退出机制的法律规则缺失与错位,入住老人权利易受“显性”侵害。应促使养老机构治理的立法精准客观,强化养老机构治理的立法配套衔接,切实保障入住老人权利。

The national protection obligation is the foundation of the legislation and regulations on the governance of elderly care institutions and is a positive obligation to protect the rights of the elderly residents from third parties.Practical research and theoretical research found that the legislation of pension institution governance from the perspective of national protection obligation is careless:In general condition,there are ambiguities and lags in the legal rules of the daily behavior of the employees of the institutions,the health services of the elderly residents,and the application of new elderly care models.The rights of the elderly are vulnerable to“implicit”infringement;the legal rules of the emergency prevention and control coordination mechanism,the prevention and control measures related to financial risks,and the withdrawal mechanism in the operation process of elderly institutions in special conditions are missing and misplaced.The rights of the elderly are vulnerable to“explicit”infringement,and the rights of the elderly are vulnerable to“explicit”violations.We should promote accurate and objective legislation of pension institution governance,strengthen supporting legislation of pension institution governance,and effectively protect the rights of the elderly.