俄罗斯太空安全政策探析

Analysis of Russia’s space security policy

后苏联时代的俄罗斯未能维持其在太空安全领域的优势,已不再是太空军事强国。本文首先梳理了俄罗斯太空安全政策的发展历程,其次,讨论了俄罗斯在太空安全治理和防止太空武器化方面的外交倡议,最后总结了俄罗斯太空安全政策的特征。本研究认为,自21世纪初起,俄罗斯逐渐开始复兴其太空军事力量,力图使其太空安全政策适应新的地缘政治格局,不仅积极调整其航天计划,对其航天工业体系、航天机构和航天资产进行简化、整合和现代化建设,还谋求“非对称”反制策略,并在联合国框架内积极开展“太空外交倡议”,以应对美国太空武器化所带来的威胁和挑战,同时推动禁止太空武器化进程。

In the post-Soviet era,Russia has failed to maintain its superiority in the field of space security,and is no longer a space military power.This paper argues that since the beginning of the 21st century,Russia has gradually revived its space military program,with the aim of adapting its space security policy to the new geopolitical pattern.Russia aims to adjust its space program by simplifying,integrating,and modernizing its space industry,institutions,and assets.It seeks asymmetric countermeasures to deal with the threats and challenges brought by the weaponization of space by the United States.Finally,the Space Diplomacy Initiative is actively pursued within the framework of the United Nations to promote the process of banning the weaponization of space.