美军国防采办政策改革及启示

Reform of US defense acquisition policy and its implications

美军在长期的国防采办实践中,经过不断改革和多次调整,逐步形成了较为完备的国防采办政策制度及管理体系,其有益经验和做法具有开创性和引领作用。尤其是自2018年启动重组国防采办组织管理体制以来,美军在国防战略调整的牵引下,先后发布多份新版采办文件,从政策体系、采办程序、业务领域等方面作出了重大改革调整,初步形成了“1+6+14”的政策体系架构。本文主要对美军国防采办政策的改革举措、背景及动因进行深入分析,总结美军国防采办政策改革的特点规律,试图通过研究美军国防采办改革的动向,探寻信息化条件下国防采办的特点及规律,并结合军队信息化装备采购实际提出思考与建议,以期为深化军队改革提供一定借鉴。

In its long-term practice of defense acquisition,the US military has gradually formed a relatively complete system of policies and management through continual reform and adjustment,and its experience and practices in this domain are a pioneering model for other countries.In particular,since its national defense acquisition organization and management system was launched in 2018,the US military has issued successive versions of acquisition documents,and made major reforms and adjustments in its system of policies,acquisition procedures,and businesses to initially form a“1+6+14”policy framework.Studying the trend of reform in the US military’s defense acquisition,and exploring the characteristics and laws of defense acquisition under the condition of informationization are important for implementing military reform.This paper analyzes the major reforms,background,and reasons for the defense acquisition policy of the US,summarizes the characteristics and laws of reforms for it,and offers thoughts and suggestions based on the state of acquisition of equipment.