电池-超级电容器混合储能系统研究进展

Advances in battery-supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system

储能是解决可再生能源大规模发电并网、推动新能源汽车发展、实现“碳达峰”“碳中和”中长期目标的关键支撑技术。能量型储能器件与功率型储能器件组成的混合储能系统是能量管理和功率管理的高效系统,充分发挥了能量型储能的持久性和功率型储能的快速性,大幅提升了储能系统的综合性能和经济性。本文概述了能量型和功率型电化学储能技术及特点,总结了各类电池-超级电容器混合储能系统,分析了混合储能系统在电网储能、新能源汽车、轨道交通等领域的应用。详细分析了电池-超级电容器混合储能系统关键技术,包括混合储能系统控制和能量管理,总结了近期较为常见的混合储能系统使用的控制方法;混合储能系统的参数匹配和技术经济性进行分析;介绍了混合储能系统拓扑结构分类,并讨论各种拓扑结构的优缺点。此外,还对电池-超级电容器混合储能系统和单一储能系统进行了仿真对比,验证了混合储能系统相较于单一储能系统的优越性。最后,对电池-超级电容器混合储能系统进行了总结和展望。

Energy storage is a key supporting technology for solving the problem of large scale grid connection of renewable energy generation,promoting the development of new energy vehicles,and achieving the medium-and long-term goals of carbon peak and carbon neutralization.The hybrid energy storage system composed of an energy-type energy storage device and a power-type energy storage device is an efficient system for energy and power management that gives full play to the durability of the energy-type energy storage and the rapidity of the power-type energy storage.It also greatly improves the comprehensive performance and economy of the energy storage system.This paper summarizes the energy and power electrochemical energy storage technologies,and characteristics and various battery-supercapacitor hybrid energy storage systems(BSHESS).The application of the hybrid energy storage system in the power grid energy storage,new energy vehicles,rail transit,and other fields is analyzed.The key technologies of the BSHESS,including their control and energy management,are analyzed in detail,and the control methods commonly used in the hybrid energy storage system are summarized.Moreover,an analysis of the parameter matching and technical economy of the BSHESS is performed.The topological structure classification of the BSHESS is summarized,and the advantages and disadvantages of each topological structure are discussed.In addition,a simulation comparison between the BSHESS and the single energy storage system is performed to verify the superiority of the former over the latter.Finally,development prospects are proposed.