江南园林假山遗产预防性保护研究

Preventive Conservation Research of Heritage Rockeries in Jiangnan Private Gardens

中国作为世界遗产大国,近年来对于遗产的预防性保护工作正在逐步开展。现阶段针对建筑遗产的预防性保护已经较为成熟且成体系,但是并没有针对园林遗产的预防性保护完整研究体系。尤其对于假山的保护,大多停留在抢救性保护阶段,且尚未对假山病害做出清晰明确的定义。文章通过将假山与砖砌、石窟石刻文物进行类比,提出了假山作为石质文物可能出现的病害以及预防性保护办法,并且提示了园林假山的预防性保护区别于建筑遗产的核心内容——针对假山环境的预防性保护,希望建立一套针对江南私家园林假山的预防性保护体系,以达到对其进行科学、系统、规范化保护的目的。

The preventive conservation of architectural heritage in China is relatively mature and systematic,but there is no complete research system for the preventive conservation of garden heritage,especially rockeries.Most rockery protection measures stay in the salvage stage and have not clarified the definitions of rockery degradations.By comparing rockeries to brick cultural relics and stone carving relics in cave temples,this article focuses upon possible degradations and preventive conservation methods for rockeries as stone cultural relics.It distinguishes the different preventive conservations between the architectural heritage and the garden rockery heritage.The article attempts to contribute to establishing a preventive conservation system for rockeries in Jiangnan(south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River)private gardens to achieve scientific,systematic and standardized protection.