从神圣景观到众像之圣域——尼泊尔昌古纳拉扬神庙建筑群的历史研究

From Divine Landscape to Power Place with Multiple Images:A Construction History of Changu Narayan Temple Compound in Nepal

文章以坐落在尼泊尔加德满都谷地东北角昌古山顶上的昌古纳拉扬神庙建筑群(Changu Narayan Temple compound)为研究对象,梳理该建筑群作为一个典型的尼泊尔圣域的建立过程。文章从观念与物质环境的关联和相互作用的角度,阐述经由神话传说对地理景观的阐释所建立的圣地观念,以及围绕圣地观念所形成的崇拜关系;指出组成昌古纳拉扬圣域之物质要素,本质上既是崇拜关系的表现,也是服务于信徒与神灵基本崇拜关系的物质媒介,其持续的变迁也正体现了这一崇拜关系延续的生命力。

The World Cultural Heritage site Changu Narayan Temple compound is located on the top of Changu Hill in the northeast Kathmandu Valley.This article reconstructs its construction history as a typical‘power place’in Nepal from the perspective of the interrelationship between ideas and the material environment.It aims to reveal the cultural mechanism behind historical events,which shapes a natural landscape into a specific power place and makes it a living heritage.Firstly,this article demonstrates how myths and legends based on the relationship between Vishnu and local people sanctified the valley’s landscape.Secondly,the article describes its construction history under the traditional model and modern heritage conservation.Finally,the article points out that the temple compound and the Changu Hill are physical evidence of the worship relationship and medium between the deity and his followers.The ongoing transition of the material environment embodies the vitality of this worship relationship.