基于习性和食物网的白洋淀大型底栖动物群落恢复研究

Restoration of Macrozoobenthos Community in Baiyangdian Lake Based on Habit and Food Web

白洋淀由于长期受人类活动影响,部分区域内源污染严重。针对该类区域,"十三五"水专项开展了生态清淤试点工程以实现内源治理。在清淤过程中底栖生物容易遭到严重破坏,与之密切联系的食物网受到影响。在沉水植物补种成功后,如何科学地恢复底栖动物群落并维持长效稳定,急需寻求解决方案。本研究于2018年对白洋淀大型底栖动物群落进行调查,根据调研结果、习性特征和食物网模型,提出了受损后大型底栖动物群落恢复方案。研究发现,春季优势种为螺类软体动物和虾类甲壳类动物,夏季和秋季为螺类软体动物和昆虫类摇蚊幼虫。全年主要优势种为中华圆田螺、中国圆田螺、羽摇蚊和大红德永摇蚊。通过食物网模型计算,确定了软体动物是2010年和2018年的关键功能组。因此,综合优势种和关键种,底栖动物群落恢复物种主要选择虾类、螺类和摇蚊幼虫。根据底栖动物的习性,确定甲壳动物和摇蚊幼虫以自然恢复为主,螺类以人工恢复为主的恢复方式。针对螺类关键物种,根据2018年调研生物量、工程经验值和生态容量综合确定其恢复投加量合理范围。通过以上研究,建立了基于食物网成熟度和稳定性的底栖动物群落恢复优化调控方案,为受损底栖动物群落的恢复提供借鉴。

The endogenous pollution was serious in some areas in Baiyangdian Lake due to human activities.For such areas,pilot project of the 13 th Five-Year Water Project was carried out for ecological dredging to achieve the control of endogenous pollution.However,the macrozoobenthos community were prone to be damaged severely during dredging.Also,the benthic food web related with macrozoobenthos was affected.After replanting of submerged plants,it was urgent to find a solution to restore macrozoobenthos scientifically.In this study,the macrozoobenthos community was investigated in 2018.Based on the sampling analysis,habitual characteristics and the established food web model,the restoration plan for macrozoobenthos were proposed.It was found that the dominant species of macrozoobenthos were Gastropoda of Mollusca and shrimps of Crustacea in spring,while Gastropoda of Mollusca and Chironomid larvaes in summer and autumn.The dominant species in the whole 2018 included Cipangopaludina cahayensis,Cipangopaludina chinensis Gray,Chironomus plumosus and Glyptotendi pestokunagai.According to the calculation of food web model,Mollusca was the key functional group in 2010 and 2018.Therefore,Gastropoda,shrimps and Chironomid larvaes were chosen as the main recovered species of macrozoobenthos.According to the habits,shrimps of Crustacea and Chironomid larvaes of Instecta were mainly restored naturally,while Gastropoda of Mollusca was mainly restored artificially.The reasonable recovery dosage range of Gastropoda was determined by the existing actual biomass,the engineering experience and the ecological capacity.An optimal regulation scheme for restoration of macrozoobenthos based on the maturity and stability of food web was established.The results could provide reference for restoration of damaged macrozoobenthos community.