塑料食品包装材料的环境污染综述

A Review of the Environmental Pollution of Food Plastic Packaging Materials

塑料食品包装材料是食品包装的重要组成部分,但其与食品直接接触时易释放大量化学品和添加剂,且废弃后会分解成粒径小的微塑料,由此造成的环境污染和生态健康风险受到世界各国的广泛关注,并针对食品包装塑料中有害化学品向食品中的释放迁移过程、微塑料及其中化学品的环境污染过程等开展了大量研究。本文综述了常用塑料食品包装材料的种类、用途及其中的化学物质,详细总结了食品包装塑料自身及其中化学品的环境污染过程和生态/健康毒性效应,并据此提出了塑料食品包装材料今后的控制措施及相关研究的发展方向。

Plastics play an important role in food packaging.However,these polymeric materials always contain a large number of chemicals and additives,which could be released into food during their contact with food,and into the environmental media after use.Besides,these plastics can be decomposed into microplastics after being discarded.The environmental occurrence and behaviors of these plastics and related chemicals have caused increasing concern around the world due to their potential ecological and health risks.In recent years,many studies were carried out on the migration of harmful chemicals from food packaging plastics to food,as well as the environmental pollution process of microplastics and related chemicals.In this paper,the types,uses and chemical additives of commonly used plastic food packaging materials are reviewed,the environmental pollution process and ecological/health effects of plastic food packaging materials and their related chemicals are summarized in detail,and accordingly the control measures and future research directions of food packaging plastics are proposed.