我国宪法解释的权属分析

An Analysis of the Right of Interpretation of China’s Constitution

在我国的宪法监督体制中,全国人大及其常委会同样享有宪法监督权,但宪法仅规定全国人大常委会享有解释宪法的权力,而对全国人大并没有明确规定。依照“法无授权即无权”的公权力原则,应该认为全国人大不享有解释宪法的权力。问题在于,全国人大在行使宪法监督权的过程中,不可避免地会对一定的宪法条款作出说明,以此作为判定争议的法律或行为是否构成违宪的依据,实质上是在进行宪法解释。为化解这一矛盾,有必要结合我国的宪法体制,从理论上将宪法解释区分为作为宪法解释制度的宪法解释与作为宪法监督方式的宪法解释两个方面,并对它们之间的联系与区别进行分析。

In China’s constitutional supervision system,the National People’s Congress(NPC)and its Standing Committee also enjoy the right of constitutional supervision,but the constitution only stipulates that the NPC Standing Committee has the power to interpret the constitution,and there is no clear provision for the NPC.According to the principle of public power that“the law does not authorize or has no power,”it should be considered that the National People’s Congress does not have the power to interpret the constitution.The problem is that in the process of exercising the power of constitutional supervision,the National People’s Congress will inevitably explain certain constitutional clauses as a basis for judging whether the disputed law or behavior constitutes an unconstitutional basis.In essence,it is interpreting the constitution.In order to resolve this contradiction,it is necessary to combine China’s constitutional system and theoretically divide the constitutional interpretation into two aspects:the constitutional interpretation power as a constitutional interpretation system and the constitutional interpretation power as a means of constitutional supervision.The connections and differences between the two will also be probed herein.