我国博物馆文化新业态的产业特征与发展趋势

The Industrial Characteristics and Development Trend of the New Forms of Museum Culture in China

博物馆发展逐渐与文化产业相结合,催生了诸多博物馆文化新业态,如博物馆文创产品开发业态、博物馆IP授权产业、博物馆沉浸体验业态、博物馆商业特展业态、“网红”博物馆经济、私人或行业博物馆业态的不断出现,极大地推动了博物馆文化业态的创新发展。在博物馆文化新业态发展过程中,产业结构也随之调整,其中以空间结构、传播结构、参与结构、经济结构的变化最为显著,呈现出一种“无边界、沉浸体验、公众关系扁平化、经济形式虚拟化”的产业发展特征,促进了博物馆相关文化业态结构优化升级。综合来看,博物馆文化新业态的发展趋势主要表现为科技与传统文化的共同支撑将创新博物馆内容与形式,公共财政投入及PPP模式运用促使文博类相关产业开发或成投资新高地,博物馆政策及创新推动新生代逐渐成为文化消费主体,文旅融合形势下博物馆的产业组织跨界融合更加突出,文化强国战略背景下博物馆国际互鉴趋势愈发显著等。

The development of museums is gradually integrated with the development of cultural industries,giving birth to many new forms of museum culture,such as the emergence of development format of museum cultural and creative products,museum IP authorization industry,museum immersive experience format,“online celebrity”museum economy,museum commercial special exhibition format,and private or industrial museum format.These new forms of museum culture have greatly promoted the innovative development of the museum culture industry.In the development process of new forms of museum culture,its industrial structure has been adjusted accordingly,among which the spatial structure,the communication structure,the participation structure,and the economic structure have changed most significantly,showing an industrial feature of“borderless,immersive experience,flattening public relations,and virtualization of economic form”.It has promoted the optimization and upgrading of the structure of related cultural formats of museum industry.Generally speaking,the development trend of the new format of museum culture is manifested in the aspects as follows:the joint support of science and technology and traditional culture to innovate museums'content and forms;public financial investment and the application of PPP mode to promote the development of museum culture related industries into a new investment highland;a new generation motivated by museum policies and innovation to gradually become the main body of cultural consumption;the cross-border integration of museums'industrial organizations to be more prominent in the context of cultural and tourism integration;and the trend of international mutual learning among museums under the background of the cultural power strategy to be more outstanding.