混合创业:一种进退有据的创业新模式

Hybrid Entrepreneurship:A Novel Stepwise Entrepreneurial Entry

创业在促进经济发展、改善民生和推动社会进步等方面发挥着巨大的作用,但其极高的失败率和所面临的不确定性也阻碍了创业者的创业实践。相比而言,“混合创业”在保留全职他雇工作的同时进行创业,这一创业模式无疑给潜在的创业者提供了一种诱人的选择。个体可以利用全职就业提供的资金资源和人力资本等进行小规模试验,以验证其商业创意的质量和自身的创业能力,在减少创业不确定性的同时降低创业机会成本。利用全球创业观察2016年中国大陆成年人口调查的截面数据进行实证研究,结果表明个体生存需求型动机和较高的创业相关能力更可能推动个体选择全职创业而不是混合创业;而年龄、教育层次和收入水平等因素则与混合创业选择存在显著正相关关系。因此建议应该尽快将混合创业纳入已有双创支持政策,以便激活更多个体的创新创业活力。

Entrepreneurship plays a vital role in promoting economic development,improving people's livelihood and promoting social progress.However,its high failure rate,risks and uncertainties also hinder the entry of entrepreneurs.In contrast,hybrid entrepreneurship,which combines employment and entrepreneurship,undoubtedly provides an attractive choice for prospective entrepreneurs.The typical factors affecting hybrid entrepreneurship are tested by using the cross-sectional data of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor(GEM)2016.The results show that individual motivational factors(such as necessity-driven motives)and ability factors(entrepreneurial abilities and skills,education levels,etc.)have significant effects on their hybrid entrepreneurial behavior.Therefore,the positive role of hybrid entrepreneurship can be brought into a full play only by formulating targeted support and regulatory policies on entrepreneurship.