N-back任务训练迁移效果及其影响因素:来自元分析的证据

Effectiveness of N-Back Working Memory Training:An Evidence from Meta-Analysis

采用元分析技术探究18~50岁健康成年被试进行n-back任务训练的迁移效果及其影响因素。通过文献检索,共获得32篇文献和69个独立效应量,包含1820名被试。元分析结果发现,n-back任务训练在未经训练的nback任务(最近迁移)上有中等程度大小的迁移效果(g=0.54);而在n-back任务以外的其他工作记忆任务(近迁移)和认知控制任务(远迁移)上的迁移效果较小(近迁移:g=0.20;远迁移:g=0.20)。调节效应分析发现,训练次数会影响n-back任务训练的最近迁移效果。结果表明n-back任务训练的迁移效果有很大的任务特异性,即最近迁移效果最大,而近迁移效果和远迁移效果都较小;而且训练次数对最近迁移效果有影响。

A systematic review was conducted to study the transfer effects of n-back working memory training in healthy adults aged 18~50 years and the factors affecting the transfer effects.Thirty-two studies and 69 independent effect sizes together with 1820 participants which met the inclusion criteria of meta-analysis were selected.The meta-analysis results revealed that n-back training had a significant medium effect size on the untrained n-back task(nearest transfer effect:g=0.54),while the transfer effects on both other working memory tasks(near transfer effect:g=0.20)and cognitive control tasks(far transfer effect:g=0.20)showed small effect size.The moderator analysis showed that the number of training sessions could influence nearest transfer effect.The current study indicats that a substantial part of transfer effect following n-back training is task-specific;in other words,the transfer effect is large in nearest transfer,while both near transfer effect and far transfer effect are small.Moreover,the number of training sessions influences the nearest transfer effect.