工会如何维护快递员群体的劳动权益?--基于北京市快递员的调查研究

How Can Trade Unions Safeguard the Labor Rights and Interests of the Courier Group?--Based on the Survey of Couriers in Beijing

基于北京市快递员群体的调查数据,对工会是否能在维护快递员群体劳动权益方面起到积极作用,本文从工作时间、收入及劳动安全保护三个权益类型进行研究。结果表明,工会可以显著降低快递员的周工作小时数,改善快递员普遍的过劳现象;能够显著提高快递员的工资水平,并保障快递员获得应有的加班工资,但是并不能显著增加其获得底薪的概率;能够显著提高快递员获得免费劳动保护用品、职业安全卫生培训、社会保险、意外伤害保险的概率,但是对工作疾病经历和工作意外伤害的影响并不显著。进一步提升工会对快递员群体的维权实效,应发挥工会源头参与作用,推动快递行业有关政策法律的完善;扩大工会组织覆盖面,提升快递企业建会和职工入会力度;做好快递行业职工精准化服务,增强工会组织的吸引力和凝聚力;推动建立行业集体协商制度,促进企业劳动关系的和谐稳定。

Based on the survey data of courier groups in Beijing,this paper studies whether trade unions can play a positive role in safeguarding the labor rights and interests of courier groups from three types of rights and interests,which are income and working hours as well as labor safety protection.The results show that trade unions can significantly reduce the weekly working hours of couriers and improve the general overwork phenomenon of couriers.Trade unions can significantly improve the wage level of couriers and ensure that couriers get due overtime pay,but they cannot significantly increase the probability of getting the basic salary;trade unions can significantly improve the probability that couriers obtain free labor protection articles,occupational safety and health training,social insurance and accident injury insurance,but they have no significant impact on work disease experience and accident injury.In order to further enhance the rights protection function of trade unions on the courier group,trade unions should be actively involved at the initial position,promote the improvement of the relevant policies and laws of the express industry,expand the coverage of trade unions,improve the strength of express enterprises establishing trade union and recruiting employees to become members.In addition,trade unions also need to do a good job in delivering precise services to workers in the express industry and enhance the attraction and cohesion of trade unions,promote the establishment of collective consultation system in the industry,and promote harmonious and stable labor relations in enterprises.